tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-49088979605196384462024-03-14T05:21:53.852-07:00Four Elements in Three GroupsCameras I have known and pictures made with some of them.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger130125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-5114357018896362232024-03-07T10:51:00.000-08:002024-03-07T10:51:49.006-08:00Mil-o Diaphragm Dial for the Argus C-3<p>This is a diaphragm dial that is a little different from the Tiffen dial. Like the Tiffen dial, it slips over the pins on the Argus diaphragm dial and provides a side reading scale for the aperture. It needs to be held in place by a Mil-o 19 mm screw-in to Series V filter adapter or else it will simply fall off. The filter adapter holds a Series V filter using either an insert ring or a lens hood. The adapter should not be screwed all the way tight against the diaphragm dial, or else it will pinch the dial against the face of the lens and the dial won't turn. Like the Tiffen dial, you need to put an aperture index mark on the lens.The advantage is you can read the aperture with a Series V filter or lens hood attached. The disadvantage is that the aperture scale moves around as the lens is focused. I got this dial in a box with a Series V adapter and a lens hood. The finish is bright chrome with engraved markings.</p><p>Mil-o was a trade name of Mr. Miller Outcalt (1912-2004), Hollywood, California, who sold photographic accessories. At one time Mr. Outcalt distributed the Asahiflex single lens reflex camera made by Asahi Optical in the days before the Pentax, and the Yashica twin lens reflex camera. Another of his trade names was "Kalt", which appears to be still in use for some photographic supplies.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEqs5RwdoAhQ81R_sU2vdWs5AQ2tw1nS9tb10ERIfpZF-PrH6JZhkBUyz_GlNBdaGRoL1gXeFinS4TxhrFPnP3UFo3VNF8Ue2iRixiSVAT9iUz1ZpTCkf8h5qWQxDhaQaX8j-3mYY_hlwbw1zeOCUaQDBgrz94byaAdP5HYy5X8OdBQLjLT7T1XwSw-YV-/s4032/IMG_1449.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEqs5RwdoAhQ81R_sU2vdWs5AQ2tw1nS9tb10ERIfpZF-PrH6JZhkBUyz_GlNBdaGRoL1gXeFinS4TxhrFPnP3UFo3VNF8Ue2iRixiSVAT9iUz1ZpTCkf8h5qWQxDhaQaX8j-3mYY_hlwbw1zeOCUaQDBgrz94byaAdP5HYy5X8OdBQLjLT7T1XwSw-YV-/s320/IMG_1449.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh06-TaKRMjo-bTm9istY_DX-fyzzZi21N0k2_2d5GhJiwgPhH1W6_HA0n0FitubEkDVwDzqGhGzQtKmQXgVsN0i1j2zmzPBwiTYBBKeaQ-bkE6_mbbIsH2f1J-4Gi-M8JeshBQBrr-479JvBbqEgvSLrZyPvdPVkVtBUiC7tSpWNqdCW2DRXczin43jFog/s4032/IMG_1448.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh06-TaKRMjo-bTm9istY_DX-fyzzZi21N0k2_2d5GhJiwgPhH1W6_HA0n0FitubEkDVwDzqGhGzQtKmQXgVsN0i1j2zmzPBwiTYBBKeaQ-bkE6_mbbIsH2f1J-4Gi-M8JeshBQBrr-479JvBbqEgvSLrZyPvdPVkVtBUiC7tSpWNqdCW2DRXczin43jFog/s320/IMG_1448.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-53204652089646990922023-12-18T13:21:00.000-08:002023-12-18T13:22:40.971-08:00Tiffen Quick Reading Diaphragm Control for Argus C, C2, C3This is one of the many gadgets made for popular Argus cameras. The Tiffen Quick Reading Diaphragm Control was intended to make setting the aperture on an Argus Cintar 50mm f/3.5 lens a little easier. The Argus Cintar lens made from 1938 to 1958 has a small ring with a couple of tiny pins to set the iris diaphragm. The Tiffen control ring fit over the ring and pins and made it easier to read the f/stop and set the lens, especially when a filter or lens hood was installed. In 1958 Argus redesigned the Cintar lens to have a more conventional aperture ring, and the new lenses no longer needed the aftermarket control ring. As a safeguard against losing the Tiffen control ring, it is a good idea to screw in a Series V filter adapter ring such as a Tiffen #502 or a Kodak No. 18 to keep the control ring from falling off if it came loose. The control ring came in black with white markings or silver with black markings. I think the silver version is a little better looking.<div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIcDQi2lsIk_mFGGl1ciSn64OVEfv7o_W9L9ajXk4MWYs0dzgrXpamnERnZcuSRAyxD0yXYgMM8ijrlzlY_hsqHzw9auvJ-xUab0BaCZE5E2QFTy2mKXgpIwFAS4ao5jPb6lYJScHFv7akQy-V_K9jA-kyQhSzmDTU1o917Ztigiyj34PstyngkYwIJy-n/s4032/IMG_1376.HEIC" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIcDQi2lsIk_mFGGl1ciSn64OVEfv7o_W9L9ajXk4MWYs0dzgrXpamnERnZcuSRAyxD0yXYgMM8ijrlzlY_hsqHzw9auvJ-xUab0BaCZE5E2QFTy2mKXgpIwFAS4ao5jPb6lYJScHFv7akQy-V_K9jA-kyQhSzmDTU1o917Ztigiyj34PstyngkYwIJy-n/w400-h300/IMG_1376.HEIC" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Black with white lettering</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim5qxGxH1h2SWsHfYy1UBxYQsL3l-qD7591BVjIUqOvK-grN9xEAzOTVHK3pRzQ_n6hcIJt8Av2cg5KQ8TZE7pPrunkgcjkeRBzovkcTJ7c25qbj25lJrtLwHhxVZmWSAZO_R69otdqcNP9fYiOHJuBfdn_Sz4JpXjm3hEL2RInWhsMWzQ8vfdAmo3Cw7V/s4032/IMG_1377.HEIC" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim5qxGxH1h2SWsHfYy1UBxYQsL3l-qD7591BVjIUqOvK-grN9xEAzOTVHK3pRzQ_n6hcIJt8Av2cg5KQ8TZE7pPrunkgcjkeRBzovkcTJ7c25qbj25lJrtLwHhxVZmWSAZO_R69otdqcNP9fYiOHJuBfdn_Sz4JpXjm3hEL2RInWhsMWzQ8vfdAmo3Cw7V/w400-h300/IMG_1377.HEIC" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silver with black lettering</td></tr></tbody></table><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJP7lBtPAjXd_lbZ9OvGz5G_DmQZjyv5GkX4k0_mLc0ME2EonpghvkukTifYMm8RddMafzKWr-SD9m9KD_S6fjU_0fkEag6_Q8KekA3xcp5F7uzPkv_akbKwAP-_tvF-TPMK51mKP-BSxL36mBx13guH3nbpNFECXjLat8Wn6pgh0OezZz7DVUlfshQVp3/s2102/Tiffen%20Quick%20Reading%20Diaphragm%20Control%20for%20Argus%20C,%20C2,%20C3.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2074" data-original-width="2102" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJP7lBtPAjXd_lbZ9OvGz5G_DmQZjyv5GkX4k0_mLc0ME2EonpghvkukTifYMm8RddMafzKWr-SD9m9KD_S6fjU_0fkEag6_Q8KekA3xcp5F7uzPkv_akbKwAP-_tvF-TPMK51mKP-BSxL36mBx13guH3nbpNFECXjLat8Wn6pgh0OezZz7DVUlfshQVp3/w400-h395/Tiffen%20Quick%20Reading%20Diaphragm%20Control%20for%20Argus%20C,%20C2,%20C3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Instructions for the Tiffen control ring.</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-60261945084063632312023-11-13T19:56:00.000-08:002023-12-07T20:30:17.953-08:00Bolsey Model B2The Bolsey Model B2 is a Bolsey Model B with the addition of flash synchronization and double exposure prevention. The camera takes standard 35mm film in cassettes. The B2 was introduced about 1948. Peerless Camera Stores (New York City) advertised them in the October, 1948, issue of <u>Popular</u> <u>Photography</u> for $65.90. The camera was discontinued in 1957.<div><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjP6K6FPRGspCCn2Ndk32VJ8XEaM6h3KA5FualpHiDSEIy4aB3uf7aqq3j8my1schbxw72kNGywtpq1naVLIcPhLUebmUL2LCzK5NXrC-VkiqrjWzvktrCUki4IRqsfLYcAQU5qy9be-AAJJBo55zO_03ThI0AGEA_xe3S-1Eivu1sGSaOn66Uci0iGwUE/s4032/IMG_1324.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjP6K6FPRGspCCn2Ndk32VJ8XEaM6h3KA5FualpHiDSEIy4aB3uf7aqq3j8my1schbxw72kNGywtpq1naVLIcPhLUebmUL2LCzK5NXrC-VkiqrjWzvktrCUki4IRqsfLYcAQU5qy9be-AAJJBo55zO_03ThI0AGEA_xe3S-1Eivu1sGSaOn66Uci0iGwUE/s320/IMG_1324.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Front</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyTgQdwHsei8CbMdmhDjtPoiut1INpKw3U2Nu74iUMuRb_1H-gg8GD4_wEFeIRyU2bfd6pAIFtQzfUmsBgJrffhcifimMMT-Z63EE9azPmllrMfd2ePv_B5tVgZP6c8t8yolL4lvNKhmpGHPEGWYrZocrGN_wmhJyLRQI6ZuPgFdPhNAH4W7BXHrH_f8Pc/s4032/IMG_1325.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyTgQdwHsei8CbMdmhDjtPoiut1INpKw3U2Nu74iUMuRb_1H-gg8GD4_wEFeIRyU2bfd6pAIFtQzfUmsBgJrffhcifimMMT-Z63EE9azPmllrMfd2ePv_B5tVgZP6c8t8yolL4lvNKhmpGHPEGWYrZocrGN_wmhJyLRQI6ZuPgFdPhNAH4W7BXHrH_f8Pc/s320/IMG_1325.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rear</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRvUbvmgfa1jG1WiKgjqdExJ7EHEJV0yuCyhIpcWUwbyfjD1si8uUhdGnLHuPD0zAvSzn_fF9D-2ibRD-GiBVVzssVf1BVPB3ieUuc6SXAHZtHOuXZrggek4aAeZMtGqm1Uv7Kqwb6sH7ggy86GOPLIwKjECJz31caf2n31yZTuTGnw38kueplCb_e1tmp/s4032/IMG_1326.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRvUbvmgfa1jG1WiKgjqdExJ7EHEJV0yuCyhIpcWUwbyfjD1si8uUhdGnLHuPD0zAvSzn_fF9D-2ibRD-GiBVVzssVf1BVPB3ieUuc6SXAHZtHOuXZrggek4aAeZMtGqm1Uv7Kqwb6sH7ggy86GOPLIwKjECJz31caf2n31yZTuTGnw38kueplCb_e1tmp/s320/IMG_1326.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Top</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbLZWaeETKc_O-eTJYDzfTQDdH2Nadk-H2GpTV9yzHDM9HhSzGP5_qQwevbo0cvhEHUVVEdYsQtVqOH9cLFh4XS5Bv2cvKjsTBrIeRgaRPtqkh31pRATBN7Z9rWXGdZh_kyxvwhEfyOdx3DDRdsoP4B4PoWYAROUZyDxC4VdQjojY7_pvlK_Ti1RIXNYZ4/s4032/IMG_1327.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbLZWaeETKc_O-eTJYDzfTQDdH2Nadk-H2GpTV9yzHDM9HhSzGP5_qQwevbo0cvhEHUVVEdYsQtVqOH9cLFh4XS5Bv2cvKjsTBrIeRgaRPtqkh31pRATBN7Z9rWXGdZh_kyxvwhEfyOdx3DDRdsoP4B4PoWYAROUZyDxC4VdQjojY7_pvlK_Ti1RIXNYZ4/s320/IMG_1327.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bottom</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGW_vZNbuc3OhaP-1k_bIgY7hYKF-4U_tHeaBaVbX2vGBBpSKDJxJS-IgrzCkNlbOg4TKj7z0gueI40NUHrQYj3Wj3XtdoDKdRHf6Sm7MttrXdyf8hcZV8ZNmKxnUVpR43-sRkYhyCupvebijqbTpBftu183BruYlKiuNVpg0J6HGxPdhyphenhyphenfkbjggG_hIZX/s4032/IMG_1328.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGW_vZNbuc3OhaP-1k_bIgY7hYKF-4U_tHeaBaVbX2vGBBpSKDJxJS-IgrzCkNlbOg4TKj7z0gueI40NUHrQYj3Wj3XtdoDKdRHf6Sm7MttrXdyf8hcZV8ZNmKxnUVpR43-sRkYhyCupvebijqbTpBftu183BruYlKiuNVpg0J6HGxPdhyphenhyphenfkbjggG_hIZX/s320/IMG_1328.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Interior</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgA__0j_bRuSEfjIIV0X-sp1QvptVKBlJiKvH35bTVpHbeJ3uhvZYiPk9fiuMY6rbf3faRIqotzHRu3OQpN-XWpCZpurL_S1x4RhH0M3dWIsyXdBeqiTi34EWYmejcHvDlg6Jsl2hyphenhyphenUvUlZ5cDX3dEygTuQePdRuZQaRDbt6krjGAfQUxNxyqfj_QG7CL/s4032/IMG_1331.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcgA__0j_bRuSEfjIIV0X-sp1QvptVKBlJiKvH35bTVpHbeJ3uhvZYiPk9fiuMY6rbf3faRIqotzHRu3OQpN-XWpCZpurL_S1x4RhH0M3dWIsyXdBeqiTi34EWYmejcHvDlg6Jsl2hyphenhyphenUvUlZ5cDX3dEygTuQePdRuZQaRDbt6krjGAfQUxNxyqfj_QG7CL/s320/IMG_1331.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ready to take a picture</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg55mymUsk2lFyhUfnZFkucOEIimjolefmeDLD-kZ6XtLIH7_D2yXROdzWnuw5tkkrwYKUxhR-huTa6vTub05bkrK3KxdDaq7W7HqyfzKoC8zvrZQ2LL3k7OB14uM9_BIPHRBwqe6qNPr8Nj0xJ0rvizL3VkUzQh6kW3UCiQZ14qwePs7W1ouvhTdpB5ymF/s4032/IMG_1332.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg55mymUsk2lFyhUfnZFkucOEIimjolefmeDLD-kZ6XtLIH7_D2yXROdzWnuw5tkkrwYKUxhR-huTa6vTub05bkrK3KxdDaq7W7HqyfzKoC8zvrZQ2LL3k7OB14uM9_BIPHRBwqe6qNPr8Nj0xJ0rvizL3VkUzQh6kW3UCiQZ14qwePs7W1ouvhTdpB5ymF/s320/IMG_1332.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After taking a picture</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The body of the camera is made from aluminum and the dimensions are roughly 4-1/4 inches wide by 2-3/4 inches high by 2-1/2 inches deep. The camera has the controls on the lens, which was normally the case on leaf shutter cameras. The lens is an f/3.2-f/22, 44mm, coated Wollensak Anastigmat. The shutter is a Bolsey Wollensak Synchromatic leaf shutter. The back of the camera comes off for loading film. The path between the film cassette and the take-up spool is shorter than usual, and Bolsey ads claimed that you could get four extra pictures on a roll of film if you were careful about loading film.</p><p>The shutter release sets and releases the shutter in one motion. The shutter has a moving peg that pops up to stop the shutter release from resetting after you take a picture. The peg retracts when the film is wound and this allows the shutter release to reset. To make a deliberate double exposure you push in the peg to allow the shutter release to reset.</p><p>The back of the camera has a depth of field calculator based on a circle of confusion of 0.05mm or 1/500 inch, which was typical for a miniature camera at the time, and a film reminder dial for Panatomic X (Kodak), Daylight Anscocolor, Tungsten Anscocolor, Daylight Kodachrome, Type A Kodachrome, Ultra Speed Pan (Ansco), Super XX (Kodak), Supreme (Ansco), Plus X (Kodak) and a blank space for when there is no film in camera. None of the films are still in production.</p><p>The flasholder plugs into the openings on the left rear of the camera and takes a #5 or #25 flash bulb.</p><p>There are no strap lugs. If you want a neck strap you need to use the leather camera case. You also can use a strap that screws into the tripod socket.</p><p>A filter kit with a lens hood was available. The lens takes a 24 mm series V adapter ring.</p><p>The Bolsey B2 is small and cute. According to "Brass, Glass and Chrome" the camera was especially popular with women photographers. You need to be careful with the shutter release to avoid camera shake.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJn6nk3Ac2zxyPeDUWI_3FFIGrWRx666FAQ8WU9arRjwniKktRghiNwftqahAuX4usi1iUW-fNvYKT7Ct2-bZD4ETDtOena8Z3TJKxaEcPsrHSZcCkRcviqwCXFyzB4hY01OSHUOYDxpvrJ1v9HVQRo_lEMoKDzQ2xsZjAGF737uqfXoLE11s7S2k8_yY/s1800/40388663310_999da1bc85_o.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1800" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNJn6nk3Ac2zxyPeDUWI_3FFIGrWRx666FAQ8WU9arRjwniKktRghiNwftqahAuX4usi1iUW-fNvYKT7Ct2-bZD4ETDtOena8Z3TJKxaEcPsrHSZcCkRcviqwCXFyzB4hY01OSHUOYDxpvrJ1v9HVQRo_lEMoKDzQ2xsZjAGF737uqfXoLE11s7S2k8_yY/s320/40388663310_999da1bc85_o.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cimberland Mountain State Park, Crossville, Tennessee. Ilford HP5 film.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />This example has a very stiff (basically impossible) rewind. Curiously it rewinds better with the back off. I need to give it a DIY CLA.<br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-68971820452593169362023-11-04T10:47:00.007-07:002024-01-31T06:52:30.690-08:00Diffraction and Circle of Confusion<p>Because of the wave nature of light, the image of a distant point of light is not an infinitesimal point, but a finite disc surrounded by a series of concentric rings. The Royal Astronomer Sir George Airy worked out the mathematics of the effect of diffraction on an image in 1835. The size of the disc depends on the diameter of the lens and the wavelength of light and is given by the approximate formula </p><p>r = 1.22 * l * f / d </p><p>r is the radius of the disc</p><p>l is the wavelength of light</p><p>f is the focal length of the lens</p><p>d is the diameter of the lens.</p><p>f / d being the focal ratio of a lens, we can use the focal ratio, N, instead of f / d.</p><p>r = 1.22 * l * N</p><p>In photography the diameter of the circle of confusion is usually used, so the diameter of the circle of confusion produced by diffraction is twice the radius of the Airy disc.</p><p>c = 2.44 * I * N</p><p>The wavelength of visible light ranges from about 400nm to about 700nm. Using the middle of the range, 550nm, we get</p><p>c = 0.0011342 * N (in millimeters)</p><p>or</p><p>N = 882 * c</p><p>For an image to be seen as sharp in the final print the largest circle of confusion should be no more than the resolving power of the human eye viewing the final print at a comfortable distance. Diffraction producing that much blur begins to affect the image quality.</p><p>On a 36x24mm, full frame sensor, c is typically given as 0.03mm.</p><p>N = 882 * 0.03</p><p>N = 26</p><p>Most full frame lenses stop down only to f/16. A few stop down to f/22 or even f/32 (to increase depth of field). </p><p>On a 17.3x13mm, Micro 4/3rds sensor, c is typically given as 0.0.15mm.</p><p>N = 882 * 0.015</p><p>N = 13</p><p>Under ordinary circumstances you would not stop down the lens on a Micro 4/3rds camera to more than f/11.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-53525438937469667082023-11-03T10:40:00.009-07:002023-11-08T05:45:23.254-08:00Sensor Size and Bokeh<p>Photographers like to call the blurred quality of a background in a portrait "bokeh." You can get a numerical value for the size of the blur circle (circle of confusion) from an out of focus point of light at infinity starting with the thin lens formula:</p><p>1/f = 1/u + 1/v</p><p>f is the focal length of the lens, u is the distance from the lens to the object and v is the distance from the lens to the image. When u is infinite 1/f = 1/v. The distance from the lens to the image is equal to the focal lens of the lens. You could express 1/v as 1/(f+e), with e being the distance the image moves as you focus on objects closer than infinity. With a little algebra you can derive a formula for e as</p><p>e = f^2 / (u - f)</p><p>The amount of blur you get for an out of focus distant object is </p><p>b = e / N</p><p>where N is the focal ratio of the lens.</p><p>Finally, the blurriness of the image on the final print depends on how much the image is enlarged. A Micro 4/3rds image has to be enlarged twice as much as a full frame image to make the same size print.</p><p>Let's aim our cameras at a subject 3m (10 ft) away. We'll use a full frame digital camera with a 50mm lens set at f/2.8 and a Micro 4/3rds camera with a 25mm lens set at f/1.4. The 50mm lens on a full frame camera has the same field of view as a 25mm lens on a Micro 4/3rds camera. Both cameras see the same perspective because both are at the same distance from the subject.</p><p>Full Frame (36mm x 24mm)</p><p>f = 50mm</p><p>u = 3,000mm</p><p>N = 2.8</p><p>b = 50^2 / ((3,000 - 50) * 2.8)</p><p>b = 0.30</p><p>Enlarge the image 8 times to make an 8x10 print and you get a 2.4 mm blur circle.</p><p>Micro 4/3rds (17.3mm x 13mm)</p><p>f = 25mm</p><p>u = 3,000mm</p><p>N = 1.4</p><p>b = 25^2 / ((3,000 - 25) * 1.4) </p><p>b = 0.15</p><p>Enlarge the image 16 times to make an 8x10 print and you get the same 2.4mm blur circle.</p><p>When you set up for the same perspective and field of view, to get the same background blur you need to open the aperture twice as much on the Micro 4/3rds camera as on the full frame camera.</p><p><br /></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-3150859608146266822023-10-24T15:38:00.001-07:002023-10-25T07:14:44.432-07:00Pushing and Pulling Kodak Vision3 Motion Picture Film<p>Kodak Vision3 camera film normally is developed for 3 minutes at 41 C (106 F). If the film has been underexposed it needs to be overdeveloped by increasing the development time (pushing the film). If the film has been overexposed it needs to be underdeveloped by reducing the development time (pulling the film). Kodak recommends the following developing times for all Vision3 films:</p><p><span> </span>Push +2 stops: 4 minutes 40 seconds (56% increase)</p><p><span> </span>Push +1 stop: 3 minutes 40 seconds (22% increase)</p><p><span> </span>Normal: 3 minutes</p><p><span> </span>Pull -1 stop: 2 minutes 30 seconds (17% decrease)</p><p>Rapid development times are needed for motion picture film because such large volumes are involved. A 35 mm print for a feature film will have a mile or more of footage, and the production company may expose more camera film than will go into the final print by a factor of 4 or more.</p><p>Commercial labs use automated machines to eliminate the human factor. For developing by hand in a small tank at home it is recommended to have developing times at least 5 minutes long to get consistent results. Reducing the developer temperature will increase the time needed to process the film, but may result in a color shift. Some experimentation will be needed.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-41941582683781727532023-10-24T15:15:00.016-07:002023-11-03T10:00:31.053-07:00Sensor Size and Depth of Field<p>You see a lot of hand waving explanations of the effect of sensor size on depth of field. I thought I'd do a little math on the subject. Let's make three hypothetical pictures of a subject with three hypothetical cameras and keep the camera parameters as similar as we can.</p><p>The perspective of our picture depends on the distance from the camera to the subject. The field of view of our picture depends on the focal length of the lens and the size of the image sensor. A full frame camera (36x24mm sensor), an APS-C camera (24x16mm or 22.5x15mm sensor) and a Micro 4/3rds camera (17.3x13mm sensor) will have the same perspective of a subject 10' (3m) away. A full frame camera with a 50mm lens, an APS-C camera with a 35mm lens, and a Micro 4/3rds camera with a 25mm lens have about the same field of view.</p><p>The maximum tolerable amount of blur on our final print usually is given as a circle about 0.25mm in diameter. To make an 8x10 (20cm x 25cm) print the images produced by each camera have to be enlarged by different amounts, and the tolerable blur circle on the sensor depends on the amount of enlargement. The image on a full frame digital camera will need to be enlarged 8 times, making the tolerable blur circle on the sensor 0.25 / 8 or about 0.031mm. An image from a DX digital camera needs to be enlarged 12 times, making the tolerable blur circle 0.25 / 12 or about 0.021mm. The Micro 4/3rds camera needs to be enlarged 16 times, making its tolerable circle 0.25 / 16 or about 0.016mm.</p><p>The hyperfocal distance is the distance a lens can be focused and have objects in sharp enough focus from infinity to 1/2 of the hyperfocal distance. The hyperfocal distance depends on the focal length of the lens, the focal ration of the lens, and the tolerable blur circle (also called the circle of confusion). A formula for calculating the hyperfocal distance of a lens is H = f^2/(N * c). H is the hyperfocal distance, f is the focal length of the lens, N is the focal ratio of the lens, and c is the diameter of the circle of confusion.</p><p>The near and far limits of acceptable focus depend on the hyperfocal distance (H) and the distance the lens is focused (u). The distance to the nearest point in focus is given by R = H * u / (H + u). The distance to the farthest point in focus is given by S = H * u / (H - u). The total depth of field is T = S - R.</p><p>Let's take pictures of a subject 3m (10 ft) away and calculate the depth of field for each camera. We'll set the lenses at f/2.8.</p><p>Full frame digital:</p><p>H = 50^2 / (2.8 * 0.031) = 28,802mm or 28.8m</p><p>R = 28.8 * 3 /(28.8+3) = 2.7m</p><p>S = 28.8 * 3 /(28.8-3) = 3.3m</p><p>T = 3.3 - 2.7 = 0.6m</p><p>APS-C digital:</p><p>H = 35^2 / (2.8 * 0.021) = 20,833mm or 20.8m</p><p>R = 20.8 * 3 / (20.8 + 3) = 2.6m</p><p>S = 20.8 * 3 / (20.8 - 3) = 3.5m</p><p>T = 3.5 - 2.6 = 0.9m</p><p>Micro 4/3rds (17.3 x 13 mm) digital:</p><p>H = 25^2 / (2.8 * 0.016) = 13,951mm or 14.0m</p><p>R = 14.0 * 3 / (14.0 + 3) = 2.5m</p><p>S = 14.0 * 3 / (14.0 - 3) = 3.8m</p><p>T = 3.8 - 2.5 = 1.3m</p><p>The Micro 4/3rds camera has about twice the total depth of field as the full frame camera. The APS-C camera has about 1-1/2 times the total depth of field as the full frame camera. In general, to get the same depth of field as a full frame camera the aperture of the Micro 4/3rd camera needs to be twice that of the full frame camera (for example f/1.4 instead of f/2.8).</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-7600715115991145622023-07-10T16:35:00.024-07:002023-08-11T06:59:32.914-07:00A home-made remjet removal bath<p>An at-home pre-bath for removing the remjet layer from Kodak Vision3 motion picture film.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Start with about 800 mL of distilled water.<br />
Add about 156 g of washing soda (sodium carbonate decahydrate) and stir until
dissolved.<br />
Add about 19 g of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and stir until dissolved.<br />Dissolve the solids completely, then add enough distilled
water to make 1 L.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The pre-bath will
have a pH of about 10 (alkaline).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
solids are easy to dissolve.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washing
soda and baking soda are not dangerous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> If you don’t already have them at home, you can find washing soda in the laundry section of a supermarket and
baking soda in the baking section. Washing soda and baking soda are cheap enough that the pre-bath can be used once and thrown away. You can filter and save the pre-bath for reuse if you're frugal.</p><p class="MsoNormal">To use, load the developing tank with film, then fill the tank with the pre-bath. Agitate vigorously and continuously for about 3 minutes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Pour out the pre-bath. </span>Wash by filling the tank with tap water, agitating for about a minute, and
dumping the water.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Repeat the washes until
the water comes out clear and wash once more for good measure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> It will take several washes. </span>The pre-bath
and wash water need to be close to the temperature of the developer you are going
to use, usually 41 C (106 F).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the remjet is removed you can develop the film following the instructions for your favorite C-41 or ECN-2 developing kit (like the FPP C-41 Home Development Kit or the FPP ECN-2 Home Developing Kit from the Film Photography Project Store).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the final rinse I like to dunk the developed film in Photo-Flo diluted 1:200 with distilled water before hanging
it up to dry. While the film is hanging I use Kimwipes wetted with diluted Photo-Flo to wipe off the last of the remjet from the base side of the film. Kimwipes won't scratch or leave lint. You can get them from Amazon and others.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">My recipe is based on the sodium carbonate pre-bath recipe from the Kodak
publication <b>Processing KODAK Motion Picture Films, Module 7, Process ECN-2 Specifications</b>, which you can download from <a href="https://www.kodak.com/content/products-brochures/Film/Processing-KODAK-Motion-Picture-Films-Module-7.pdf" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.kodak.com/content/products-brochures/Film/Processing-KODAK-Motion-Picture-Films-Module-7.pdf</a>. Here is the Kodak sodium carbonate pre-bath recipe:</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGNXO7e7iDfhe9VXA-3IhqG4JHKVcvXFQE2HsQyxLzeLsJUZUl8x28Rh7kSHd2--abU4JkdLc0J7n4_ofSueTOBOFnKhchx2wAD_0ljHU72jj3PB0oWq3wb_SOwgO4zGnyg8apq5fsUMukYZGkF2i4ZOOihjcrzVWKFBHYcrO1CMbh_VgbPxbYY_-djZ0n/s2095/SodiumCarbonatePreBath.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="913" data-original-width="2095" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGNXO7e7iDfhe9VXA-3IhqG4JHKVcvXFQE2HsQyxLzeLsJUZUl8x28Rh7kSHd2--abU4JkdLc0J7n4_ofSueTOBOFnKhchx2wAD_0ljHU72jj3PB0oWq3wb_SOwgO4zGnyg8apq5fsUMukYZGkF2i4ZOOihjcrzVWKFBHYcrO1CMbh_VgbPxbYY_-djZ0n/w640-h278/SodiumCarbonatePreBath.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">I replaced the anhydrous sodium carbonate with sodium carbonate decahydrate (washing soda). The molar mass of the decahydrate form is 286 and the molar mass of the anhydrous form is 106, making the required ratio of decahydrate to anhydrous 286/106. 58 times 286 divided by 106 gives 156 as the weight of sodium carbonate decahydrate needed. Because I used distilled water, I omitted the KODAK Anti-Calcium, No. 4, which is normally used to prevent calcium scum forming due to hard water. I also omitted the Kodak Stabilizer Additive (TRIDECETH-4 according to information in the MSDS), which is a surfactant. It probably helps to un-stick the remjet layer from the base side of the film. The pre-bath seems to work well enough without it. I kept the sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), which probably acts as a buffer. You might be able to omit the baking soda and increase the washing soda to compensate. I used a digital kitchen scale to measure weights. I don’t think you need to be very precise. Supermarket washing soda and baking soda aren't exactly chemically pure, anyway. By the way, 156 grams of washing soda is about 2/3 cup and 19 grams of baking soda is about 1 tablespoon plus 1 teaspoon in kitchen measures.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Because solutions mixed from color developing kits have limited shelf lives, it is a good idea to save up your exposed color film and process several rolls at once in freshly mixed solutions. Some remjet will remain in the developing tank when you are finished developing. The tank and reels will need to be washed with soap and water.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-21677632241914313982023-03-28T20:46:00.014-07:002023-07-27T07:35:59.443-07:00Ciro-Flex / Graflex 22 Twin Lens Reflex (1940-1956)<div>A twin lens reflex camera has a taking lens to focus the image on film and matching viewing lens to focus the image on a ground glass focusing screen. The rays of light from the viewing lens are reflected straight up by a diagonal mirror to make an image on the horizontal ground glass. The lenses are synchronized so that the image on the film will be in focus when the image on the ground glass is in focus. The image on the ground glass is upright, but reversed left for right. </div><div><br /></div><div>Twin lens reflex cameras using 120 film were first produced in Germany prior to WWII, when Francke and Heideke's Rolleiflex established the basic layout of the medium format twin lens reflex camera. The war interrupted camera exports from Germany in 1939, giving US camera manufacturers the opportunity to fill that segment of the camera market. Ciro, Inc. was one of the first to make a TLR, bringing out the Ciro-flex twin lens reflex camera in 1940. The Franco-American engineer and inventor Rodolphe Stahl started Ciro in Detroit, Michigan, and relocated to Delaware, Ohio, after the Second World War. The entire camera line was sold to Graflex, Inc. in 1951 and production was moved to Rochester, NY. Graflex renamed the Ciro-flex the Graflex 22, making a few minor changes but keeping the same basic design. Graflex discontinued twin lens reflex cameras in 1956.</div><div><br /></div><div><div>The original Ciro-Flex model A had an uncoated f/3.5-f/22 85mm Wollensak Velostigmat taking lens and an f/3.2 85mm anastigmat viewing lens. The shutter was a Wollensak Alphax with speeds from 1/200 second to 1/10 second. It was not synchronized for flash. The camera had black leatherette and black enamel finish. The model A was discontinued when Ciro switched to war production in 1942.</div><div><br /></div><div>The post-WWII model B had specifications similar to the model A. The taking lens was an f/3.5-22 85mm Wollensak Velostigmat with anti-reflection coatings ("Wocote") and the shutter was a Wollensak Alphax. All of the post-WWII Ciro-flexes had coated lenses.</div><div><br /></div><div>The model C had a Wollensak f/3.5-f/22 Anastigmat taking lens and a 1/400 second to 1 second Rapax shutter but was otherwise the same as the model B. </div><div><br /></div><div>The model D had a Wollensak f/3.5-f/22 Anastigmat taking lens and a flash synchronized Alphax (1/200 to 1/10 second) shutter. The flash synchronizer had a built-in 20 millisecond delay.</div><div><br /></div><div>The model E was a model C with a flash synchronized Rapax (1/400 to 1 second) shutter. The flash synchronizer had a built-in 20 millisecond delay. </div><div><br /></div><div>The model F had an f/3.2 83mm Raptar taking lens and a synchromatic Rapax (1/400 to 1 second) shutter with a variable delay (5 milliseconds to 20 milliseconds) synchronizer for flash.</div><div><br /></div><div>The later cameras had fresnel field lenses under the ground glass. The field lenses corrected for the light fall-off on the corners of a plain ground glass.</div><div><br /></div><div>After Graflex took over production there were a number of changes. The models B and C were dropped. The Ciro-flex model D became the Graflex 22 model 200. The model E was renamed the Graflex 22 model 400, and the model F became the Graflex 22 model 400F. The Alphax shutter was renamed the Century shutter. The Rapax shutter was renamed the Graphex shutter. Graflex had already used the Century and Graphex names for Wollensak shutters on the Graphic series of press cameras. Graflex adopted a gray color scheme for the TLRs. The rotating cover on the ruby window was changed to a sliding cover. A hot shoe for flash replaced the ASA bayonet. The second tripod socket on the side was removed.</div><div><div><br /></div><div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi31hx7IRiqy6pWpWuEXRVJJOtfTsezCQvKl-GL4oRxjaCuJOSqRinf8YUzYXAkk9uigRVJpyJdzVk0Qfmxg18Y17HIRI6ejJJEgFhJrueUhNx3sXrSGrosa6kvTznsN0-J0ETOW32Z7ofj/s1600/Ciro-Flex_front.jpg"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi31hx7IRiqy6pWpWuEXRVJJOtfTsezCQvKl-GL4oRxjaCuJOSqRinf8YUzYXAkk9uigRVJpyJdzVk0Qfmxg18Y17HIRI6ejJJEgFhJrueUhNx3sXrSGrosa6kvTznsN0-J0ETOW32Z7ofj/w400-h266/Ciro-Flex_front.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib8aMu6wVue6Y6A7blgo86kluhMAqZs5RJxDFn6nwO-8H3Z_iagJ1DhhEwuEJmBFzb6KTgVWVDVugU86rEVF47F2Vx3A671-MsAPOnjbvqtxq95WJKlwYaldmPskDZ_GGDx3DEbXy1LBfQ/s1600/DSC_8817.jpg"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib8aMu6wVue6Y6A7blgo86kluhMAqZs5RJxDFn6nwO-8H3Z_iagJ1DhhEwuEJmBFzb6KTgVWVDVugU86rEVF47F2Vx3A671-MsAPOnjbvqtxq95WJKlwYaldmPskDZ_GGDx3DEbXy1LBfQ/w400-h266/DSC_8817.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVkAe-oLmzcirK_tGQk6XYQjt7E_tM6NC7R1V_lWAcJ_-hz04r4O9yiS5yyvUQCzIIuB3yiLpa3gh82XkBx1aeS4lhlIGD7dYogJUtCIecm-8ufWK22biW5LF2uW6yAiNEM7n0tm-xAR5m/s1600/Ciro-Flex_focusing_screen.jpg"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVkAe-oLmzcirK_tGQk6XYQjt7E_tM6NC7R1V_lWAcJ_-hz04r4O9yiS5yyvUQCzIIuB3yiLpa3gh82XkBx1aeS4lhlIGD7dYogJUtCIecm-8ufWK22biW5LF2uW6yAiNEM7n0tm-xAR5m/w400-h300/Ciro-Flex_focusing_screen.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />This example is a Ciro-Flex model C with a coated f/3.5-f/22 85mm Wollensak Anastigmat in a Wollensak Rapax shutter. Shutter speeds are 1/400, 1/200, 1/100, 1/50, 1/25, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2 and 1 second plus bulb and time. The Rapax shutter has separate set and release levers. Generally, on a leaf shutter you want to the the shutter speed before you cock the shutter. </div><div><br /></div><div>The photographer needs to look through the little red window at the numbers printed on the backing paper of the film to count exposures and space the pictures. You open the shutter under the red window, wind the film to the next number, and close the cover to help prevent stray light entering the red wind and fogging the film. There is no interlock to prevent double exposures or skipped pictures. The numbers on the backing paper for Kodak and Ilford film are faintly printed and are a little harder to see through the red window than the numbers on the backing paper for Arista.EDU Ultra film, which has numbers in bold print. Picture size is 2-1/4" (57mm) square. There are 12 pictures on a roll of 120 film (still available today).<br /><br />To focus and compose your picture you open the hood at the top of the camera and look down onto the ground glass screen. The focusing screen is the same size as the negative, as usual with a twin lens reflex camera. The focusing screen has a fresnel field lens to improve the image brightness in the corners of the viewfinder. A flip up magnifier is there to enlarge the image for critical focusing. For fast action shots you would open the sports finder on the front of the hood and zone focus the camera.</div><div><br /></div><div>A new model C listed for $99.45 in 1950, equivalent to about $1,000 in depreciated 2018 dollars. The camera I have still takes a decent picture.</div><div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkjk61zQiOPwtnPHxcR5PXQUvW-qJkhWnkf4fV_-APSFZCvy1qz-rFJmYTelRwc-2CjCJCn02MId80gB4ibOq_IzaboHCkZgyasMVtT19kt4Lw9cSVn8h1BQrqwslfLxLqhBx1kjyLMU8/s1600/2018-10-06-0001_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtkjk61zQiOPwtnPHxcR5PXQUvW-qJkhWnkf4fV_-APSFZCvy1qz-rFJmYTelRwc-2CjCJCn02MId80gB4ibOq_IzaboHCkZgyasMVtT19kt4Lw9cSVn8h1BQrqwslfLxLqhBx1kjyLMU8/w400-h400/2018-10-06-0001_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>This picture of two readers on a bench at Sally Beaman Park, Nashville, TN, next to the Green Hills branch of the Nashville Public Library was taken with the Ciro-flex C and Kodak Ektar 100 film.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB_B25MmjPEVLzskcc1XMo_0Y5C38roNbJE1ylFeZih24TD7v6XI988TXlQ5v4YoJLjNy-RlwkNBXAIo151tPrAUX2n1BxbJ0kb34V9ArCjt3bYtdGJ8ewDFA9Gz44bmR4MTjKBWmIvwqzLKArAhg-dJm-NW8CRL0jWJCYh8hX7PUwgx7Q3_cxA2HP2w/s4032/IMG_0861.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB_B25MmjPEVLzskcc1XMo_0Y5C38roNbJE1ylFeZih24TD7v6XI988TXlQ5v4YoJLjNy-RlwkNBXAIo151tPrAUX2n1BxbJ0kb34V9ArCjt3bYtdGJ8ewDFA9Gz44bmR4MTjKBWmIvwqzLKArAhg-dJm-NW8CRL0jWJCYh8hX7PUwgx7Q3_cxA2HP2w/s320/IMG_0861.HEIC" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsqcJhJUh7BqzxBs6DneTuVf_AFVD6WQh7WmhHI3C7JgBy4_qn5pwgusGCTncsBvicCNgnFYPXjmhaFbSaA5sl1ywqgKBbRMsDgrHH452FBzr5Zw_StOmZF6zfHgyKkg-qBOrzlAe1Aekx-arxgqbBqdD2kDp3gUVCI4HEvTLxySR_Vi_ykrMzJ_7gdA/s4032/IMG_0862.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsqcJhJUh7BqzxBs6DneTuVf_AFVD6WQh7WmhHI3C7JgBy4_qn5pwgusGCTncsBvicCNgnFYPXjmhaFbSaA5sl1ywqgKBbRMsDgrHH452FBzr5Zw_StOmZF6zfHgyKkg-qBOrzlAe1Aekx-arxgqbBqdD2kDp3gUVCI4HEvTLxySR_Vi_ykrMzJ_7gdA/s320/IMG_0862.HEIC" width="240" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDmynh5me8zEFzwc1PxFiDdLPmzIcq1AN97QM0WpfEPk2h3SWuO7hYeu2PdlyQ_uR4ytFwuXWOEntFFu0iBoezL99ffIhTT5WaaYRdHKGxiiWXFZ9DJUPv9XImE5NdFPjDboTecvbDwzUI44o1UYE3msgfNkOUhxEu-zI-2TNp-Y2yz6u3V2X_HKfug/s4032/IMG_0868.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNDmynh5me8zEFzwc1PxFiDdLPmzIcq1AN97QM0WpfEPk2h3SWuO7hYeu2PdlyQ_uR4ytFwuXWOEntFFu0iBoezL99ffIhTT5WaaYRdHKGxiiWXFZ9DJUPv9XImE5NdFPjDboTecvbDwzUI44o1UYE3msgfNkOUhxEu-zI-2TNp-Y2yz6u3V2X_HKfug/s320/IMG_0868.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5E9PRKPsdUzlhsl03hOqAS3eoC4DjreH26blD29MXshZFjGfbtq38PZ-yW5h4O-CLiP4if9WZN7f7eS6F7ikUC7XkL_wNcALkJSDMkMk6W0fqnOq4W253WICUnDyt-auMHF07tW0UBNGLFAg4-aXYmOlotwzwvnXcRymb95p-uv-yJQ5MEElvJTJTRw/s4032/IMG_0866.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5E9PRKPsdUzlhsl03hOqAS3eoC4DjreH26blD29MXshZFjGfbtq38PZ-yW5h4O-CLiP4if9WZN7f7eS6F7ikUC7XkL_wNcALkJSDMkMk6W0fqnOq4W253WICUnDyt-auMHF07tW0UBNGLFAg4-aXYmOlotwzwvnXcRymb95p-uv-yJQ5MEElvJTJTRw/s320/IMG_0866.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkCF4yWOEWzeDj71LjGc2ob9kX7K1YBpfEQ1fdFfKNOsusA6Xjp8_DgM0xOhRUo4p4tVx-vFgd7AvnheVkQsS9nk8O9wlm62GclmSPSO2yJ-_jok8w-XDH6lzo0vN19wj7xJ12dBjRkDrvtQDjfohBx9jAfe3w6W5twiIgeLCQTlmbeGbFIiY8v7fTrA/s4032/IMG_0869.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkCF4yWOEWzeDj71LjGc2ob9kX7K1YBpfEQ1fdFfKNOsusA6Xjp8_DgM0xOhRUo4p4tVx-vFgd7AvnheVkQsS9nk8O9wlm62GclmSPSO2yJ-_jok8w-XDH6lzo0vN19wj7xJ12dBjRkDrvtQDjfohBx9jAfe3w6W5twiIgeLCQTlmbeGbFIiY8v7fTrA/s320/IMG_0869.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><p>This is a Ciro-flex model F twin reflex camera made just after Graflex took over the Ciro-flex line and while it was still using the Ciro-flex name. The camera body is formed from steel finished in black enamel paint with black leatherette and chrome knobs. It has the typical twin lens reflex camera configuration. 1/4"-20 tripod sockets are on the bottom and the left side. It weighs 2 lb. 5 oz. (1.05 kg) with a roll of film inside.</p><p>Normally the camera is held chest high so you look down at an image of the scene on the ground glass viewing and focusing screen. The image appears upright, but is reversed left to right. The camera focuses by moving the lens board. The viewing lens and the taking lens move together so that an image in focus on the ground glass will be in focus on the film. A fresnel lens under the focusing screen corrects some of the fall off of light in the corners that you get with a plain ground glass. There is a flip-up magnifying glass to help focus the camera. A folding hood shields the ground glass from stray light, but the image can still be difficult to see in bright sunlight. A lever on the back pops up the hood. The front of the hood folds back to make an open frame sports finder that you can look through with the camera held at eye level. The sports finder is useful when you try to follow fast action.</p><p>The focusing knob has distance and depth of field scales for zone focusing. The depth of field scale is based on a 0.066 mm circle of confusion.</p><p>The taking lens is a coated, f/3.2-f/22, 83mm, Wollensak Raptar lens. The lens is a Tessar type with four elements in three groups. It uses 1-5/16" (33mm) Series VI filter adapters.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinvqzPlSj7Pv88ojwvBGh9Nwpgs0OmocSAdLU_lQdjcpf7jDH97fuk_-A0IaeX-I-vh8sDnsgq6X5OcpWl3DPnkxJcdzgl-D0FXbsNPsox0Sc-sSXNRPjdig_bQzh7Cj6EAS8Pb4k0hnPQUQY2aI7k6zNpyOkJ06sFS_HFh1f8EE7Ct7lrBZttvAOZhA/s4032/IMG_0639.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinvqzPlSj7Pv88ojwvBGh9Nwpgs0OmocSAdLU_lQdjcpf7jDH97fuk_-A0IaeX-I-vh8sDnsgq6X5OcpWl3DPnkxJcdzgl-D0FXbsNPsox0Sc-sSXNRPjdig_bQzh7Cj6EAS8Pb4k0hnPQUQY2aI7k6zNpyOkJ06sFS_HFh1f8EE7Ct7lrBZttvAOZhA/w320-h240/IMG_0639.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div><p><span>The shutter is a set and release Wollensak Rapax Synchromatic shutter. The shutter has a speed ring that can be set to 1/400, 1/200, 1/100, 1/50, 1/25, 1/10, 1/5, 1/2 or 1 second, "B" for bulb or "T" for time. A socket for a standard cable release is provided. The flash synchronizer lever can be set to off (no flash), X-F (electronic flash or 5 millisecond delay flash bulbs) or M (20 millisecond delay flash bulbs). The shutter speed ring and the synchronizer lever should be set before the shutter is cocked. The synchronizer settings and shutter speeds are color coded. The black synchronizer settings are used with the black shutter speeds and the red synchronizer settings are used with the red shutter speeds.</span> The flash connection is an ASA standard bayonet on the side of the camera. If you want to use a modern electronic flash you will need to find an ASA bayonet to PC sync connection adapter.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigpu6mwqxilCLE3RFcHkq1jc4CUrRULjqaxEsEUnS5njZggGAZiYLVqaWXwhUu_E1bRrpRladlR3MiLwXWXGF9ODr7dn5_kyRfLVVE0U8ZeILwd9UxtQA_ieMWj4vc-A0ATcYax5WsXEMGTqXe5G8l_8bLWJF3E_K1ODdLEyCkATWs2PpLVoZ5ZFRS2w/s4032/IMG_0871.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigpu6mwqxilCLE3RFcHkq1jc4CUrRULjqaxEsEUnS5njZggGAZiYLVqaWXwhUu_E1bRrpRladlR3MiLwXWXGF9ODr7dn5_kyRfLVVE0U8ZeILwd9UxtQA_ieMWj4vc-A0ATcYax5WsXEMGTqXe5G8l_8bLWJF3E_K1ODdLEyCkATWs2PpLVoZ5ZFRS2w/s320/IMG_0871.HEIC" width="240" /></a></div><p>The camera takes size 120 roll film. To load film you open the back by pushing down the knob located near the top edge, putting the fresh film in the chamber at the bottom and threading the backing paper into the take up spool at the top. You close the back and turn the film winding knob until you see the number 1 in the red window, which puts the first section of film in position for taking a picture. The red window has a cover to prevent stray light from fogging the film. You open the cover while advancing the film and close it after the film is in position for the next picture. Because the camera does not have an automatic film counter, you space the pictures on the film by looking through the the red window at the numbers on the film. The film advance and the shutter are not interlocked. Accidental double exposures or skipped frames are possible. Graflex recommended advancing the film immediately after taking a picture. When all 12 pictures have been taken, you wind the roll completely onto the take up spool, remove the exposed roll from the camera and seal the roll. You then move the empty spool from the bottom to the top to be ready for reloading.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL7M_MSmEguGk9-tg9XSPqMOFOzMXrjAHsN5Wkp6jgwLIR2AYStwfP6v1awHwpkrdcCmTKZZwD-MnjTw0n9L8Ek3QNUSTqF1ZzXPCBrPJ73P3JAUV_6FrZe8nzVJWTk-ttm19xM0H2YD4VjhEQ7jHH0ESvXsH4t6P6bsGOrKNCKc2q3k6KHlJ_TFponQ/s4000/scan0001.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="4000" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhL7M_MSmEguGk9-tg9XSPqMOFOzMXrjAHsN5Wkp6jgwLIR2AYStwfP6v1awHwpkrdcCmTKZZwD-MnjTw0n9L8Ek3QNUSTqF1ZzXPCBrPJ73P3JAUV_6FrZe8nzVJWTk-ttm19xM0H2YD4VjhEQ7jHH0ESvXsH4t6P6bsGOrKNCKc2q3k6KHlJ_TFponQ/w640-h640/scan0001.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table>This picture of a fisherman was taken from Lock Two Park, Nashville, Tennessee, looking across the Cumberland River in the direction of the mouth of Gibson Creek. The park is the site of a navigation lock built by the US Army Corps of Engineers in 1892-1907. The purpose of the dam and lock was to allow the passage of steamboats over a shallow part of the river. The old dams and navigation locks on the Cumberland were replaced by larger and more modern dams and locks after the Second World War. The dam and most of the lock at this location were removed about 1956. Only the lock wall on the land side is visible.<p>The Model F is fairly easy to use. The image on the ground glass screen can be a little difficult to see in bright sunlight. The lens is reasonably sharp. <br /><br /></p><p><br /></p></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-21513818973371842462023-01-20T08:52:00.006-08:002023-01-20T19:14:41.648-08:00Kodak Duaflex Camera Series (1947-1960)The Kodak Duaflex Camera is a simple 620 film camera with a large brilliant finder in a twin lens reflex configuration. Cameras were produced by Eastman Kodak Company in Rochester, New York, from 1947 to 1960. The shutter is a single speed rotary shutter with a "bulb" setting. The shutter speed is about 1/25 or 1/50 second. They came with two different lenses: a fixed focus Kodet lens (75 mm f/15) and a focusing Kodar lens (72 mm f/8). The Kodet lens is a meniscus lens with an aperture stop behind the lens. A Kodar lens is a three element anastigmat with front cell focusing from 3.5 ft. to infinity. The Kodar lens has a lever to select an aperture of f/16, f/11 or f/8. The stops are round holes in a metal plate, so you can't select intermediate f-stops.<div><br /></div><div>The Duaflex (1947-1950) is black plastic and aluminum. The ones with a focusing lens have a double exposure prevention device that locks the shutter button until you advance the film. The ones with a fixed focus lens do not have double exposure prevention. The flasholder is a dedicated model.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Duaflex II (1950-1954) added a flip-up hood for the viewfinder.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Duaflex III (1954-1957) added double exposure prevention to the fixed focus model. The flash connection was changed to a pin-and-screw Kodalite connection.<br /><br />The Duaflex IV (1955-1960) changed the color scheme from black to brown and tan, and added more exposure instructions to the focusing cameras.<br /><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimbrrJgtchMvhWxH92hgyv038Ystz0aGz-qejiByBiw77NAGo6jK-YNiBD-QnKp8ePo5UTN4TlulDxoVDW6-saHxQWn5ULXVJHQq2X65E-SGCey76xpOSVPHuR-CiB5Z--WI9HWodqg3SWJqx4AMrGSSIx4kviStwET7LFMhazLhtSyEPxfGNN7HUa9w/s4032/IMG_0979.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimbrrJgtchMvhWxH92hgyv038Ystz0aGz-qejiByBiw77NAGo6jK-YNiBD-QnKp8ePo5UTN4TlulDxoVDW6-saHxQWn5ULXVJHQq2X65E-SGCey76xpOSVPHuR-CiB5Z--WI9HWodqg3SWJqx4AMrGSSIx4kviStwET7LFMhazLhtSyEPxfGNN7HUa9w/s320/IMG_0979.HEIC" width="320" /></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJwjjvORW0-LGyeQO2UHRwrFPSQDr3ebyjkVilaxjjFYXA7W0qvAPvakUUo_4OODVxVr_GIez-sEv2Xh6f8UTT-F9Mwai-qxEZro9zsHPfLvw3uc64ynA-wbxPalK4is6DU9wa7CqjwEewqqyMQKaVmJFU6reDteKq_SdB-ayZSvkyMGW-7R3r8s21Og/s4032/IMG_0980.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJwjjvORW0-LGyeQO2UHRwrFPSQDr3ebyjkVilaxjjFYXA7W0qvAPvakUUo_4OODVxVr_GIez-sEv2Xh6f8UTT-F9Mwai-qxEZro9zsHPfLvw3uc64ynA-wbxPalK4is6DU9wa7CqjwEewqqyMQKaVmJFU6reDteKq_SdB-ayZSvkyMGW-7R3r8s21Og/s320/IMG_0980.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Kodak Duaflex with Kodar lens.</span></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnq5RkLYu-eeiCYNkidZaJz4E0p4WA68Fn8cdVnDPq-g_VBSKV3oeL16KvCOBRtAeEDJB3Pbse3QF_05JIpl6Ii33_ZmoLTG3tNMXEKYbI2ub3zjL_s9SWWjJO5CbWtj0MalmH_ZmWEvUoX92DlvVzDGMPuYQjU58VF4LRTNoIk7WxRoBsJLIB0qI0g/s4032/IMG_0975.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdnq5RkLYu-eeiCYNkidZaJz4E0p4WA68Fn8cdVnDPq-g_VBSKV3oeL16KvCOBRtAeEDJB3Pbse3QF_05JIpl6Ii33_ZmoLTG3tNMXEKYbI2ub3zjL_s9SWWjJO5CbWtj0MalmH_ZmWEvUoX92DlvVzDGMPuYQjU58VF4LRTNoIk7WxRoBsJLIB0qI0g/s320/IMG_0975.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_0KPfFuY0gFtrI_yAatp63v9BZWpN-0LeTUXX5s50Ypr0KQu5Hc6ZF-bdiMPFsWVXM4VsxtODNLr0Vpk5O0BFAuSHNjDsZaq5Qu9sq8_eXV98iiLX6BGhFJFZlfIms_xixyzG_Wjatetv14LswSbPaTosEOEZlQu5O4oj2XeqDzckKqH9nolzIHEjlQ/s4032/IMG_0977.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_0KPfFuY0gFtrI_yAatp63v9BZWpN-0LeTUXX5s50Ypr0KQu5Hc6ZF-bdiMPFsWVXM4VsxtODNLr0Vpk5O0BFAuSHNjDsZaq5Qu9sq8_eXV98iiLX6BGhFJFZlfIms_xixyzG_Wjatetv14LswSbPaTosEOEZlQu5O4oj2XeqDzckKqH9nolzIHEjlQ/s320/IMG_0977.HEIC" width="320" /></a><br /><span style="text-align: left;">Kodak Duaflex IV with Kodet lens.</span></div><br /></div><div>A Duaflex makes the same size picture as the Brownie Hawkeye (<a href="https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2018/11/front-back-this-brownie-hawkeye-was.html" target="_blank">https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2018/11/front-back-this-brownie-hawkeye-was.html</a>). It is a sunny day snapshot camera, similar to the Argus Seventy-five (<a href="https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2019/09/argus-seventy-five-1949-1958-and-argus.html" target="_blank">https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2019/09/argus-seventy-five-1949-1958-and-argus.html</a>) or the Ansco Anscoflex (<a href="https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2020/06/anscoflex-1953-1956.html" target="_blank">https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2020/06/anscoflex-1953-1956.html</a>). It was made for slow to moderate speed black and white (Verichrome, Plus-X) or color negative (Kodacolor) film. Current 120 films respooled onto 620 spools work fine.</div><div><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8PcDXl5PPWuwaLHKAfY6MXNc9p0R9rtSchzoaVpdkL8QCULTK9dnoe3TRwDUfTZE2XDzsnPVgxuGbse5NGgC1xGv3ZBQfq6uvD5FTuJosubSns1dpljkChW4Se5vh61Q-AGQce78w2pkpj_641FwkA8jPJwbAe74gJk59dJZS49eJWdJtsQ5Q-PzfNg/s4721/scan0016.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4721" data-original-width="3389" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8PcDXl5PPWuwaLHKAfY6MXNc9p0R9rtSchzoaVpdkL8QCULTK9dnoe3TRwDUfTZE2XDzsnPVgxuGbse5NGgC1xGv3ZBQfq6uvD5FTuJosubSns1dpljkChW4Se5vh61Q-AGQce78w2pkpj_641FwkA8jPJwbAe74gJk59dJZS49eJWdJtsQ5Q-PzfNg/w460-h640/scan0016.jpg" width="460" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Children's Memory Garden, Centennial Park, Nashville, Tennessee</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div>The Children's Memory Garden was dedicated October 18, 2022. It contains names of children who died violently in Nashville. I was visiting the park this January and noticed someone had left a rose. Kodak Duaflex with Kodar lens. Arista EDU Ultra 100 film developed in XTOL. Cropped from the original square to a portrait orientation.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-30942174961948511092023-01-08T14:52:00.015-08:002023-02-27T06:32:12.191-08:00Lithagon Lenses for the Geiss Modified Argus C4In 1954 Geiss-America, Inc. began selling a replacement lens mounting and a series of interchangeable lenses for the Argus C4. Geiss-America was an importer of West German photo equipment. The lenses were made by Enna-Werk, Munich.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuahHV95c0g55nljIWBRa6Ko8vKMHKsZxq0WYJJYYBvNpcztszyexCCEwB3CX-dEyq_ntaNBU8XHpmNX-nRbbhLTF26IzXSuqrsDE23A37rvUN0oNqcLnlANjLNl2brmm_p0yDsrt3V2NO5bdl__L2jnk_QgDjL_MLfdJJGoXxyGftyTHaL_57-pPBg/s4032/IMG_1054.HEIC"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuahHV95c0g55nljIWBRa6Ko8vKMHKsZxq0WYJJYYBvNpcztszyexCCEwB3CX-dEyq_ntaNBU8XHpmNX-nRbbhLTF26IzXSuqrsDE23A37rvUN0oNqcLnlANjLNl2brmm_p0yDsrt3V2NO5bdl__L2jnk_QgDjL_MLfdJJGoXxyGftyTHaL_57-pPBg/w400-h300/IMG_1054.HEIC" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_gR36X_lHF3AnfYATOseVXGPRFbPdaeSnRwmvuW6IFNzej-J9uZZ-JvKsnt_z0v3d8UxP5ztKPG4L9o-zf4fRwGbrraQP_0ged3-EMCMQUDsOwiyQJRd3V36Q2EMU5ZCSAo6MwpH6SdSz3lrkhr9ZbVn6oAoObsdttMVmUabPTjNoC3TMytcESdD6g/s4032/IMG_1056.HEIC"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo_gR36X_lHF3AnfYATOseVXGPRFbPdaeSnRwmvuW6IFNzej-J9uZZ-JvKsnt_z0v3d8UxP5ztKPG4L9o-zf4fRwGbrraQP_0ged3-EMCMQUDsOwiyQJRd3V36Q2EMU5ZCSAo6MwpH6SdSz3lrkhr9ZbVn6oAoObsdttMVmUabPTjNoC3TMytcESdD6g/w400-h300/IMG_1056.HEIC" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Left - Right: f/4.5 35mm, f/1.9 45mm, f/4.5 100mm, f/3.5 135mm Lenses.</div><div style="text-align: center;">Center: Sandmar Zoom-Vue Viewfinder.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>The initial set of lenses included an f/4.5 35mm and an f/4.5 100mm. An f/1.9 45mm and an f/3.5 135mm lens came out later. The unmodified Argus C4 camera had a fixed f/2.8 50mm Argus Cintar lens. The modified camera got a new, interchangeable lens mounting. The existing standard, f/2.8 50mm lens was modified to fit the new lens mounting. Geiss would modify either new or used C4 cameras. Geiss sold a Sandmar Zoom-Vue auxiliary viewfinder for the Lithagon lenses.<br /><br />The large lens hood for the 135mm telephoto lens would have blocked the rangefinder. To avoid that, the rear of the lens hood was made of glass so the rangefinder could see through it. The alternative is to remove the lens hood. The lens hood, being partly glass, was fragile. You do see 135mm Lithagons without lens hoods. Presumably the lens hoods were broken.<div><br /></div><div>The 35mm and 45mm lenses will take modern 49mm screw-in filters. Alternatively, either lens will take a 2" diameter Series VII adapter and Series VII drop in filters. The 100mm lens will take a Series V drop-in filter between the lens and lens hood. The 135mm lens will take a 52mm screw-in filter.</div><div><br /></div><div>The C4 was discontinued in 1958. The next model, the C44, has a different lens mount and its own set of interchangeable lenses..<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-7zxZSOVIkG60eZ93ye4_gfSWWnpQ7mAVZGR24dfqXg-Ges21-4Qs_d5ODL3b5ujv8TZnpN9TsyzLOHpaIhCIDkGB5k8hNvS5IXCaxXoRF_wZ9e6nmx9I60bLhVs8r7aXed64aEvDVvCyfXQJzuC6Yh2nOJSbkqRNMM0i_QDi-eLkbkCvYJCeqEfbw/s1893/Untitled.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1893" data-original-width="481" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg-7zxZSOVIkG60eZ93ye4_gfSWWnpQ7mAVZGR24dfqXg-Ges21-4Qs_d5ODL3b5ujv8TZnpN9TsyzLOHpaIhCIDkGB5k8hNvS5IXCaxXoRF_wZ9e6nmx9I60bLhVs8r7aXed64aEvDVvCyfXQJzuC6Yh2nOJSbkqRNMM0i_QDi-eLkbkCvYJCeqEfbw/s16000/Untitled.jpg" /></a></div><br /></div>This camera has the standard f/2.8 50mm Argus Cintar modified for the Geiss mounting.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTmr8eVtSul0i_JLsm23CVikaJberZ9D3MuH-6B4hBIx8XslTZzcf3rAryX39121QwCh6m46HkajrFfTtTvxNtYQRGUPVYxmZ5nKSO9hjHjS3a3lCndwn9Zxqoi9JscuxzTxnFdroCZmpl/s1600/DSC_9009_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTmr8eVtSul0i_JLsm23CVikaJberZ9D3MuH-6B4hBIx8XslTZzcf3rAryX39121QwCh6m46HkajrFfTtTvxNtYQRGUPVYxmZ5nKSO9hjHjS3a3lCndwn9Zxqoi9JscuxzTxnFdroCZmpl/w400-h266/DSC_9009_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Geiss modified Argus C-4</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGSK4Pu-2XsmGGXqkjDt3xz7boMYb_Jcw8iwlNpigYBa0rweR6d3r1v8TIEvAxhFBZ3Ckdkz3uUeill5ef2dRZxhw6s9EQdHFwCPaw0fLoxdTNfkC62H9Qbdd6DLAzAzkzY5eM5_uZwvb_/s1600/DSC_9010_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGSK4Pu-2XsmGGXqkjDt3xz7boMYb_Jcw8iwlNpigYBa0rweR6d3r1v8TIEvAxhFBZ3Ckdkz3uUeill5ef2dRZxhw6s9EQdHFwCPaw0fLoxdTNfkC62H9Qbdd6DLAzAzkzY5eM5_uZwvb_/w400-h265/DSC_9010_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Catch closed.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi691J1dhdXMeMtWf3sIXaQFJTYtQpsGV3mYtdR48jJirFGtiRd9pWL_izBQtcSAf8YRGOf_iT7pKsPOhyGVpdH2akJXZ_U2eqm4FLwDjC3d0jVRk3oftBS8FqF7ebzjo7pfDLsmaMh_Gp5/s1600/DSC_9011_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi691J1dhdXMeMtWf3sIXaQFJTYtQpsGV3mYtdR48jJirFGtiRd9pWL_izBQtcSAf8YRGOf_iT7pKsPOhyGVpdH2akJXZ_U2eqm4FLwDjC3d0jVRk3oftBS8FqF7ebzjo7pfDLsmaMh_Gp5/w400-h265/DSC_9011_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Catch Open</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ-qg8MTvikXCe6BCNIo23xxErLbgKa63Oi0GJBeLASSQ9g-yMNbGt8cC7NHeXdYHXHAqJEhZWUjm-nZnwd5AYyXvcvF8GKZv4esRW0T-RHwP0C0kyicBnFUyDKtROlm2uCj3KCpxl7yXs/s1600/DSC_9012_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ-qg8MTvikXCe6BCNIo23xxErLbgKa63Oi0GJBeLASSQ9g-yMNbGt8cC7NHeXdYHXHAqJEhZWUjm-nZnwd5AYyXvcvF8GKZv4esRW0T-RHwP0C0kyicBnFUyDKtROlm2uCj3KCpxl7yXs/w400-h265/DSC_9012_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Lever open.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKZIOcGYfl5PK6v_Z4i4gzovtqR6SA3V5E5b2FZjCAPF2C39hz92f48DcQGZ4ss5_sxi7eipBARAYYK5lktiHWZk3Ve5Z5afB9GxfFgnauiCeEgaM3pUd7dunxl1H0XwV7BgifkKF3WwBk/s1600/DSC_9014_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKZIOcGYfl5PK6v_Z4i4gzovtqR6SA3V5E5b2FZjCAPF2C39hz92f48DcQGZ4ss5_sxi7eipBARAYYK5lktiHWZk3Ve5Z5afB9GxfFgnauiCeEgaM3pUd7dunxl1H0XwV7BgifkKF3WwBk/w400-h265/DSC_9014_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Lens removed.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ajP2uwy4HaE2v7f-yHnCZKFZLu2OsMvAO_4VCmUYjdPk0KdyjX4fAErrWOnQBVF2yhAveOD4p4JiG7ITTWqbw4fjtB7YfsnhxsLZ8mMKc4HMolr8H-1tIb7XH67B-200CJH9NjoynBUS/s1600/DSC_9015_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1ajP2uwy4HaE2v7f-yHnCZKFZLu2OsMvAO_4VCmUYjdPk0KdyjX4fAErrWOnQBVF2yhAveOD4p4JiG7ITTWqbw4fjtB7YfsnhxsLZ8mMKc4HMolr8H-1tIb7XH67B-200CJH9NjoynBUS/w400-h265/DSC_9015_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Index marks on the Cintar lens.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTdSp-Z3KWyL57h9BmvjJcvpbpXmPg0Q1kwiJ3ayk8qK6d3KwP1NI5umll6JP3YWvIhcBaN9jfiGustnHiz9crPxdfgYulwnoOi0V9SZ1pt0xa9ort674868g5rjHPWPA6EWMisraKkYGD/s1600/DSC_9016_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTdSp-Z3KWyL57h9BmvjJcvpbpXmPg0Q1kwiJ3ayk8qK6d3KwP1NI5umll6JP3YWvIhcBaN9jfiGustnHiz9crPxdfgYulwnoOi0V9SZ1pt0xa9ort674868g5rjHPWPA6EWMisraKkYGD/w400-h265/DSC_9016_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Camera focused at infinity.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIa7ZaV0qKglc2Hrw4af0JVyY7K-yObI_VrIk5tdd_LG7L3MUuerGg9H3NZgfawpcMnidLu7Z3PmAWZdwQH94cqVKTNdoj8PjgtvqWy9m9YX90tohGeSI5nhsx-_9wQO8gpFLtMMMQXgrj/s1600/DSC_9017.jpg"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIa7ZaV0qKglc2Hrw4af0JVyY7K-yObI_VrIk5tdd_LG7L3MUuerGg9H3NZgfawpcMnidLu7Z3PmAWZdwQH94cqVKTNdoj8PjgtvqWy9m9YX90tohGeSI5nhsx-_9wQO8gpFLtMMMQXgrj/w400-h265/DSC_9017.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Lens reinstalled.</div> <div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div> To change the lens the photographer put the camera on its back, then turned the knurled knob at the end of the lever to release the catch and moved the lever up. The old lens would be lifted straight out. Before installing the new lens the camera had to be set to focus at infinity. The new lens was set to line up the index marks, then lowered straight in, making sure that the gear teeth meshed. The lever would then be moved down and the knob turned to latch the lever. In use the lens mounting is more complicated than the lens mountings on modern digital cameras. It is easier to change the lens on a Geiss C4 than it is on an Argus C3. The degree of difficulty is about the same as on an Argus C44 or C33.<br /><br />The lens can wobble on a camera with bent flanges on the lens mount. When you look at the mount from the side the slots under the flanges will be spread apart. They should be straight as in this "after repair" picture. Unfortunately I did not make a "before" picture. You do the fix by pressing the flange to straighten the slot. You don't even have to take the mount off the camera.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEbLAvev-Id5M0qoRcgKMOFgx7hS_bbAqjggQs71crjpnyvyU-xB5J0UDG-5TGXiWXKrQRFCEjGud7kAj41LztGyfUO1AEaNkCRnTTGL2Gu4oxojx5KHy29ru-oez-_4vozWUN03GW6Icu/s4032/GeissC4LensMount.jpg"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEbLAvev-Id5M0qoRcgKMOFgx7hS_bbAqjggQs71crjpnyvyU-xB5J0UDG-5TGXiWXKrQRFCEjGud7kAj41LztGyfUO1AEaNkCRnTTGL2Gu4oxojx5KHy29ru-oez-_4vozWUN03GW6Icu/w400-h300/GeissC4LensMount.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The lens mount as seen from the side.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: left;">The long, thin slot should be straight. If it is spread apart the lens will wobble.</div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAf6FudUS6QHOOheVSr_Fyjf_1uTiQT_F4jURtD4KYzjB2M2UFvrRz40W6DRw9eSITRYPfcrQ3FBMegZv_FztxjHvnFM5RkUEvgq4NiobQ1ghHUNd6iYMeqVvablHbbrsuCCyMmscUTWlOaI1mHXKgLqFoGrMtHsSjn8guG9PgSTNPBjHjd8UqztDtGA/s4032/IMG_0588.HEIC"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAf6FudUS6QHOOheVSr_Fyjf_1uTiQT_F4jURtD4KYzjB2M2UFvrRz40W6DRw9eSITRYPfcrQ3FBMegZv_FztxjHvnFM5RkUEvgq4NiobQ1ghHUNd6iYMeqVvablHbbrsuCCyMmscUTWlOaI1mHXKgLqFoGrMtHsSjn8guG9PgSTNPBjHjd8UqztDtGA/w400-h300/IMG_0588.HEIC" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A Geiss modified C-4 with a Lithagon f/1.9 45mm lens and the Sandmar Zoom-Vue finder.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGHwHlDntPu6QleCf1sG1MFOBAOjeFU_BLHA6Z5GM7VjoNIbo1XMBC3Uu_AXJbGPNLeSPSC-Jv6zsxGLUVJurUZcNbsMD25n29m7sg0MkY9W_CHgRRb6DmTk9p9VEPI3EC0xw-pFE393JV5r7LNR91S3fCpx-j-iPrHyFktrM4Ul8gqM61hXdSE0M8w/s4500/scan0002.jpg"><img border="0" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwGHwHlDntPu6QleCf1sG1MFOBAOjeFU_BLHA6Z5GM7VjoNIbo1XMBC3Uu_AXJbGPNLeSPSC-Jv6zsxGLUVJurUZcNbsMD25n29m7sg0MkY9W_CHgRRb6DmTk9p9VEPI3EC0xw-pFE393JV5r7LNR91S3fCpx-j-iPrHyFktrM4Ul8gqM61hXdSE0M8w/w640-h427/scan0002.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><div style="text-align: left;">A wedding party crossing Legislative Plaza to the War Memorial Building on a sunny but cool Saturday afternoon. Picture taken on Ultrafine Xtreme 100 on a Geiss modified C-4 with an f/1.9 45mm lens. The state capitol building is in the background.</div></div><br />The War Memorial Building was built about 1925 as a memorial to Tennesseeans who were killed in action during the First World War. The doric order columns make a popular background for wedding photographs.<br /><p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-62390450885564232112022-12-12T13:06:00.004-08:002022-12-24T16:44:35.296-08:00Kodak Retina Reflex S (1959-60)<p><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"></span></span></span></p>The Kodak Retina Reflex S is the successor to the Retina Reflex. The main change was to have the complete lens interchangeable instead of just the front components. This allowed a wider range of focal lengths: 28 mm to 200 mm instead of only 35 mm to 80 mm. The original list price was $235. About 78,000 cameras were made in 1959-60 at the Kodak AG - Dr Nagel Werk factory in Stuttgart-Wangen, West Germany.<div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivzhqTlqCkkgCbx5zc0_LsCEizLVDM3YLWgzh569mlQG7AtoPpzNT3tnnnL8neSEx-SHu30KG2NuM3gmDO5HZaYPe3QNPnLKLSwFZPkQ2wIExxBSdgTG1JQjPnlOrxo3u5zToeQACscUJN/s2048/DSC_9878_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivzhqTlqCkkgCbx5zc0_LsCEizLVDM3YLWgzh569mlQG7AtoPpzNT3tnnnL8neSEx-SHu30KG2NuM3gmDO5HZaYPe3QNPnLKLSwFZPkQ2wIExxBSdgTG1JQjPnlOrxo3u5zToeQACscUJN/w400-h266/DSC_9878_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht81PTFG7G1jq1NmQ4mtRj9EMFrbPmjjg_U9uK1CNMVB6tUU_1PUdfketHm2pG1RUIkW1OISRm9Cmvu2kATiWFl4T13UsYuP5lCeE74zeoUyVz1swVNndfdjJOVaZXKOARxy19phhxbAJL/s2048/DSC_9879_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEht81PTFG7G1jq1NmQ4mtRj9EMFrbPmjjg_U9uK1CNMVB6tUU_1PUdfketHm2pG1RUIkW1OISRm9Cmvu2kATiWFl4T13UsYuP5lCeE74zeoUyVz1swVNndfdjJOVaZXKOARxy19phhxbAJL/w400-h266/DSC_9879_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyEMyaL6_2ToujzTioV70NQyU3SAVxdxMxhkeBhXiYnV_iOobngacbUCz66RBgZJLHDPQpcxr9hNfPewCO7SrDXM_aoGgO5f15i_38BvY3X6UrVdK_6T1bh-2RsoIRFNBvOeDWUSmZsork/s2048/DSC_9881_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyEMyaL6_2ToujzTioV70NQyU3SAVxdxMxhkeBhXiYnV_iOobngacbUCz66RBgZJLHDPQpcxr9hNfPewCO7SrDXM_aoGgO5f15i_38BvY3X6UrVdK_6T1bh-2RsoIRFNBvOeDWUSmZsork/w400-h267/DSC_9881_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkvkgHFaDgJyhKeWt1n37tGfjVvvNv-IhZHfz_SJ3oU_XhBWBGgPov6AJXlDHQJDIwkI_yUOq_W8MMzv5Jr2ibxsU5xqTDIx-Fsgh0oCUOi_Jsu_XvHM2EYPvehd_1ObwGzs6z-Wuz-4pZ/s2048/DSC_9882_1.jpg"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkvkgHFaDgJyhKeWt1n37tGfjVvvNv-IhZHfz_SJ3oU_XhBWBGgPov6AJXlDHQJDIwkI_yUOq_W8MMzv5Jr2ibxsU5xqTDIx-Fsgh0oCUOi_Jsu_XvHM2EYPvehd_1ObwGzs6z-Wuz-4pZ/w400-h267/DSC_9882_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />The Reflex S has a die cast metal body finished with black leatherette and chrome. The top of the camera has the rewind knob with a film reminder dial, an accessory shoe, the exposure remaining counter, the shutter release and the light meter. The front of the camera has the selenium cell for the light meter, a PC flash sync connector, and the lens mount. The shutter speed dial is around the lens mount and the aperture setting dial is at the bottom of the lens mount, next to the latch for the bayonet lens mount. The bottom of the camera has the film advance lever, the rewind clutch button, the tripod socket and the latch for the camera back.<br /><br />The lens mount is the same Deckel bayonet used on the Retina IIIS range finder camera. Available lenses included a 28mm, a 35mm, two different 50mm, an 85mm, a 135mm and a 200mm. Setting the aperture is different from other 35mm SLRs. The aperture is controlled by a dial on the bottom of the camera instead of an aperture ring on the lens. The shutter speed is interconnected with the aperture so that the exposure value remains constant when the shutter speed is changed. For example, if the shutter speed is 1/500 and the aperture is f/2.8, changing the shutter speed to 1/250 changes the aperture to f/4 in order to keep the amount of light reaching the film a constant.<br /><br />The exposure controls are coupled to the built-in light meter. Matching the yellow needle to the meter needle by turning the aperture setting dial matches the exposure value set on the camera to the light value read by the meter. The light meter can be set to film speeds from ASA 10 (DIN 12) to ASA 3200 (DIN 36).<div><br /></div><div>The shutter on this example needs to be cleaned and re-lubricated.<br /><br /><br /></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-41239456105154009672022-11-28T18:00:00.089-08:002023-01-29T20:24:50.708-08:00120 FilmOctober, 2021, marked the 120th anniversary of size 120 roll film, introduced by Eastman Kodak Company in 1901 for the No. 2 Brownie camera.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXb76QFLmEwfKoZeyh-xtiCwwD0CmbWPTL-sdCirmSjbqaoZYfLXv9wmiJG3PTdGrifPTPZTGrJpgIX0_Gfzpq_w-LgSMgaU9y3R3Y0RdqTwFCsy4NnmB8HQqLpqeUYxnX4fWYYfZgJbWHs2cexxN07xrt1fRIahdeyEN1Uj-p1buWLh6WP6u4bSHiLg/s4032/IMG_0986.HEIC" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXb76QFLmEwfKoZeyh-xtiCwwD0CmbWPTL-sdCirmSjbqaoZYfLXv9wmiJG3PTdGrifPTPZTGrJpgIX0_Gfzpq_w-LgSMgaU9y3R3Y0RdqTwFCsy4NnmB8HQqLpqeUYxnX4fWYYfZgJbWHs2cexxN07xrt1fRIahdeyEN1Uj-p1buWLh6WP6u4bSHiLg/s320/IMG_0986.HEIC" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kodak Gold 200 Film. New in 2022</td></tr></tbody></table><br />120 film consists of photosensitive film protected by opaque backing paper and rolled on a spool. On a modern roll of film the film is roughly 32-1/2 inches (80 cm) long and 2-3/8 inches (6 cm) wide. The backing paper is about 2 feet (60 cm) longer than the film and is slightly wider. A roll of film can be handled in ordinary room light as long as it is tightly rolled on the spool. A strip of adhesive tape keeps the film from accidentally unrolling in the light before you load the camera.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKuaTgVAJyzwt_MhjVxxtv6xw_2K7BfmHzVdrkxx3xyy6146kRBMyoNXItLNZDKwnNYkXzBTfhRcL08gCXEcx_gEPCtF6LGHzJHfcOrcJucMyT5zAPj4wBRPYLQY1AUwq-KXBE2bVMnE6rGB7UX2LnLC_GXhjMv6UszcfYL5IcODxkMnBtU16mZU_Ag/s4032/IMG_0983.HEIC" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWKuaTgVAJyzwt_MhjVxxtv6xw_2K7BfmHzVdrkxx3xyy6146kRBMyoNXItLNZDKwnNYkXzBTfhRcL08gCXEcx_gEPCtF6LGHzJHfcOrcJucMyT5zAPj4wBRPYLQY1AUwq-KXBE2bVMnE6rGB7UX2LnLC_GXhjMv6UszcfYL5IcODxkMnBtU16mZU_Ag/s320/IMG_0983.HEIC" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Backing Paper</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Depending on the camera, the film can hold eight 2-1/4" x 3-1/4" (6 x 9 cm), twelve 2-1/4" square (6 x 6 cm) or sixteen 2-1/4" x 1-5/8" (6 x 4.5 cm) pictures. Picture numbers printed on the outer surface of the backing paper let the photographer space pictures on the film in cameras using the legendary little red window. Many cameras automatically space and count pictures and do not require the red window, the more well-known probably being the Rolleiflex and Hasselblad. Some cameras like the Pentax 6x7 automatically make 10 6x7 cm pictures on a roll without regard to the numbers on the backing paper.<div><br />The image on 120 film can be more than twice the height and width of the image on 35 mm film; therefore, less enlargement is needed to produce the final print. This makes for less visible grain and smoother tones. Kodak No. 2 Brownie cameras using 120 film produced negatives capable of making passable album-size, 2-1/4" x 3-1/4" contact prints. A contact print is made by placing the negative in a printing frame, putting the emulsion side of the paper against the emulsion side of the negative and exposing the paper to light through the negative. The paper is then developed and fixed. The picture on the resulting print is exactly the same size as the negative. The size of the contact print you wanted determined the size of the camera you used. If you wanted a big picture you used a big camera. Improvements in film and lenses now make it possible to get big pictures from small cameras.<br /><br />120 film did not get the number 120 until 1908. Kodak used to list the cameras that took a film on the film box and you specified the Kodak film you wanted by giving the name of the Kodak camera it fit: "I want a roll of film for a No. 2 Brownie." As Kodak made more and more types of films and cameras, this system became cumbersome. To solve the problem Kodak numbered all of the sizes of roll film it made, starting with size 101. Some sizes were not strictly in numerical order, some numbers were reused and the last new size to be made was 240 (Advantix or Advanced Photographic System film in the 1990s). 120 film was also known as B2 or B II film in Germany. The "B2" likely referenced the No. 2 Brownie. Kodak still makes roll film for still cameras in 120 ("medium format") and 135 ("35 mm film") sizes. There are about a dozen brand names of 120 film, including Fujifilm, Ilford and Kodak, available at present. Because there is an international standard for the dimensions of 120 film all 120 film will fit all 120 cameras.<br /><br />Prior to about 1930, Kodak 120 film was shorter and had room for only six 2-1/4" x 3-1/4" pictures; however, old cameras made for the original six-picture 120 film will take modern eight-picture 120 film. The first spools for roll films had wooden spindles with metal flanges. Later production spools had metal spindles and flanges. Current 120 spools are injection molded plastic. Kodak called roll film with backing paper on a spool a "cartridge."<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgedEBDKONkz7LivUqQA8f00YlIw-ev92tn7rtlG136lM8j4pzyXxxi75S5u0QrmA5iXWOhnvF_5JWB2_pPg3YAYsyA3Arm8555yjLHvVx7Rcqt0yfgO7BZCiDmZNkytNqzKxxWKCIEEh1WybrfhymWuY1hlhFRwAnfIfF1MnS-FSzyogng_F8ELG3j0A/s4032/IMG_0965.HEIC" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgedEBDKONkz7LivUqQA8f00YlIw-ev92tn7rtlG136lM8j4pzyXxxi75S5u0QrmA5iXWOhnvF_5JWB2_pPg3YAYsyA3Arm8555yjLHvVx7Rcqt0yfgO7BZCiDmZNkytNqzKxxWKCIEEh1WybrfhymWuY1hlhFRwAnfIfF1MnS-FSzyogng_F8ELG3j0A/w320-h240/IMG_0965.HEIC" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">100 Years of Film</td></tr></tbody></table><br />The Kodak Non-Curling Film in the box on the left was Kodak's standard snapshot roll film from 1903 to 1933. The spools in the middle are empty 120 spools from different eras. The first spools had wooden cores with metal flanges. Beginning in the 1930s the spools were all metal. In the modern, plastic age the spools are injection molded plastic. The roll film on the right is a modern roll of Kodak Tri-X.<div><br /></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-42545286324365993442022-10-31T14:14:00.015-07:002023-11-15T13:38:09.029-08:00Argus A (1936-1942)<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">The insignificant looking Argus A is one of the most commercially significant 35mm cameras ever produced because it is the camera that popularized 35mm photography in the US. In 1936 the Argus model A was the first camera to be built in the United States to use 35mm film in Kodak's 135 film magazines. The magazine had been designed to fit Leica, Contax and Retina cameras. The Argus is no Leica, but it does take a picture.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div>International Radio Corporation was a radio manufacturer in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the 1930s. Company President Charles A. Verschoor wanted a new product to keep his factory busy during the summer, when radio sales tended to fall off. The result was the Argus Candid Camera. The Argus was intended from the beginning to be a mass market camera, originally selling for $12.50. Later the price was reduced to $10.00. 30,000 cameras were claimed to have been sold in the first week it was offered. About 210,000 were sold altogether. The Argus camera proved to be so popular that IRC got out of the radio business completely and changed its name to International Research Corporation. Eventually it became Argus Camera, Inc.<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDu59a9a1dy78H2tL5ofLpfspwyvHLX8bOG4nCZ31ugR9_wJTZ7STuzwWOsJUpWKuasy4fpRK-ARd78pMiTEK1PRQ9g5OriA8HJ6znL6rlhGC6GZZpRrgD12NVYnDHE0ggiJ4jatIVGz_lXEF4iEhL28s2UuNMr659__BTW-AoaNYYmwDKYcEy2jD_KQ/s4032/IMG_0896.HEIC" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDu59a9a1dy78H2tL5ofLpfspwyvHLX8bOG4nCZ31ugR9_wJTZ7STuzwWOsJUpWKuasy4fpRK-ARd78pMiTEK1PRQ9g5OriA8HJ6znL6rlhGC6GZZpRrgD12NVYnDHE0ggiJ4jatIVGz_lXEF4iEhL28s2UuNMr659__BTW-AoaNYYmwDKYcEy2jD_KQ/s320/IMG_0896.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixSB_hmeHxLgfgRGrwSRzFBgCN9oBUvZLUaxNhetwmxel79WFCxnZxy37depJ3riSMtsEhYggOUOK8D6L25afQWLu2s5zuQF4Le4LQ5PGnR3uXRLEwjIfoQS179Eeqw0W-xGyFhHlasqrwRSWV-H2rr9jTRrGxho1gsioOpAP5C36kQ5hXEJL1LYGw4w/s4032/IMG_0897.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixSB_hmeHxLgfgRGrwSRzFBgCN9oBUvZLUaxNhetwmxel79WFCxnZxy37depJ3riSMtsEhYggOUOK8D6L25afQWLu2s5zuQF4Le4LQ5PGnR3uXRLEwjIfoQS179Eeqw0W-xGyFhHlasqrwRSWV-H2rr9jTRrGxho1gsioOpAP5C36kQ5hXEJL1LYGw4w/s320/IMG_0897.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYVM3XBgMizroPmk9WuJ1MwugOV6dysLwtvuZJe8FfAdBsdUph1T0OPmtC5YH2aa-hU9751xrxY0NumlImtTYo9SpTxYSTp88hXdsxiyuowWPgG_-MAMDyPvO-X3CkuiDpPCdiWxLMCKW_tkDN1_d6rMb-dVwJyTeLotwb6IjsGqLjzU2Qexk7uafJoA/s4032/IMG_0901.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYVM3XBgMizroPmk9WuJ1MwugOV6dysLwtvuZJe8FfAdBsdUph1T0OPmtC5YH2aa-hU9751xrxY0NumlImtTYo9SpTxYSTp88hXdsxiyuowWPgG_-MAMDyPvO-X3CkuiDpPCdiWxLMCKW_tkDN1_d6rMb-dVwJyTeLotwb6IjsGqLjzU2Qexk7uafJoA/s320/IMG_0901.HEIC" width="320" /></a><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHbBEt9ktpJdtI0GzB6_-AZrh2CGUWfX1q7IbL74V3YL7V4244Pevvfnp_MS_aXsAKzMXi4Rn4QA4D_PygjQF-DB_GKXHmUx9fon92bFFf7LJN7Rl6WsYqRnxDImykIHxkGKpsM-sYD2AWes8hBR7askzjZSXSl3zIp9tDekB96ok4uqGnHKteXCSWKA/s4032/IMG_0900.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHbBEt9ktpJdtI0GzB6_-AZrh2CGUWfX1q7IbL74V3YL7V4244Pevvfnp_MS_aXsAKzMXi4Rn4QA4D_PygjQF-DB_GKXHmUx9fon92bFFf7LJN7Rl6WsYqRnxDImykIHxkGKpsM-sYD2AWes8hBR7askzjZSXSl3zIp9tDekB96ok4uqGnHKteXCSWKA/s320/IMG_0900.HEIC" width="320" /></a><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih2rMibf_mTpliE2Mojel07m2Zs3jzKAtQMzBKfr9X48TSpwkHb-2wuktuzQhmD0j7EdVdkskC2t1otZXuNoNfLWJ4Y5tIha97xIpd_KIzSBbXLmUj1mepl67Us1obDYcSKuWQHPtydAuxx94UVN3GNN6cLztd9GBSlBWpPLxp1TOyhe6t94PRyizzDQ/s4032/IMG_0902.HEIC" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEih2rMibf_mTpliE2Mojel07m2Zs3jzKAtQMzBKfr9X48TSpwkHb-2wuktuzQhmD0j7EdVdkskC2t1otZXuNoNfLWJ4Y5tIha97xIpd_KIzSBbXLmUj1mepl67Us1obDYcSKuWQHPtydAuxx94UVN3GNN6cLztd9GBSlBWpPLxp1TOyhe6t94PRyizzDQ/s320/IMG_0902.HEIC" width="320" /></a></div></div></div><br /><div>The camera body is molded from a phenolic resin. The back is stamped aluminum. The top of the camera has the film advance knob, the viewfinder, the film advance release button and the exposure counter. The bottom of the camera has the film rewind knob. For about the first year the camera came without a tripod socket. Later production had a tripod socket.<br /><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUAq1FrUAqq6eHHJP6SbYPcbf2JygmUKLsLopcNfJTurjPJAPAd097_GfWA36eaNirvmpGV7DTTvRV5bVmTro0v77txFO52ldEpzDeUoM6RuUSHP5VRX1HMJPgMBqEpYKTmNb8AsCfTqyt-io90wgCNiVG1CROiH62aE2VJzhhHjVpksvIrAU6zUg-4g/s1091/US2052261%20-%20Argus%20A%20-%20Verschoor.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1091" data-original-width="698" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUAq1FrUAqq6eHHJP6SbYPcbf2JygmUKLsLopcNfJTurjPJAPAd097_GfWA36eaNirvmpGV7DTTvRV5bVmTro0v77txFO52ldEpzDeUoM6RuUSHP5VRX1HMJPgMBqEpYKTmNb8AsCfTqyt-io90wgCNiVG1CROiH62aE2VJzhhHjVpksvIrAU6zUg-4g/w256-h400/US2052261%20-%20Argus%20A%20-%20Verschoor.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></span>The camera has an f/4.5-f/11 50 mm anastigmat lens in a self-setting leaf shutter with speed settings from 1/25 to 1/200 second plus bulb and time. To make the camera a little more pocketable the lens is retractable. Three sets of fingers and flanges hold the lens in the retracted position. The lens has two focus settings: distant and close. The lens is set for the distant zone, 18 ft. to infinity, when the three flanges on the lens are between the three fingers on the camera body (fig. 7 and 8). It is set for the close zone, 8 ft. to 18 ft., when the flanges on the lens line up with the fingers on the body (fig. 5 and 6). The lens isn't marked to show which setting is for which zone. You just have to read the manual to know. Lenses and shutters originally were made by Ilex Optical of Rochester, NY. The lens takes a 23 mm Series V filter adapter.<br /><br />When the camera first came out word got around that the lens was closer to f/6.3 instead of f/4.5. If you unscrew the front lens element and measure the iris diaphragm with the lens wide open you do get about an 8 mm diameter and 50 divided by 8 is 6.25. But that's not how it works because the strong positive front element causes the light rays to converge before they reach the iris. The focal ratio of a lens is the focal length divided by the diameter of the entrance pupil of the lens and the definition of the entrance pupil is the size of the aperture as seen from the front of the lens. Allowing for the strength of the positive front lens element you will get an f/4.5 focal ratio.</div><div><br />The camera takes currently available 35 mm film in standard cassettes. The film runs from right to left, which is the opposite direction from a Leica and most other 35 mm cameras. The exposure counter counts up. It needs to be manually set to zero after the film is loaded. To advance the film you press the film release, turn the wind knob a little, then let go of the film release and wind on until the film stops, just like an Argus C3. When the film is finished you rewind by turning the knob on the bottom. The camera doesn't have a film rewind catch. If you fiddle with the rewind knob between shots you could get overlapping pictures. You can check whether there is film in the camera by lightly turning the wind knob on the top of the camera. If there is film in the camera you can feel tension on the knob.<br /><br />The viewfinder is a reverse galilean finder (negative lens in front, positive lens in back) without any frame lines or parallax correction. With a close focus of 8 ft., you don't need parallax correction.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Argus Model A underwent some revisions during the seven years it was produced. Here is an Argus Model A Timeline.</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1936: The camera was introduced.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1936: A tripod socket was added. The rewind knob assembly was changed.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1937: A second sprocket wheel was added. The lens labeling was changed from “Argus
Ilex Precise” to “Argus IRC Anastigmat.”<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Early 1941: The aperture settings were changed from "f/11, 8, 5.6, 4.5" to "f/18, 12.7, 9, 6.3, 4.5."</p><p class="MsoNormal">Late 1941: The shutter speeds were changed from “25, 50, 100,
200, B, T” to “T, B, 150, 100, 50, 25.” The
labeling on the lens face was changed to drop the word “Anastigmat.” The lens face was changed from brass to
chrome.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1942: The camera was discontinued.<o:p></o:p></p>The Argus A is about as simple as an adjustable camera can be. It will produce good pictures if you keep within its limitations. An Argus A today will make pictures that are as good as ever, modern films being so much better than films in the 1930s. With a fastest shutter speed of 1/200 second and a smallest aperture of f/11, this camera works best with 80-125 speed film for outdoor pictures on sunny days. The later ones that stop down to f/18 will work well with 200 speed film.</div><div><br /></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ZdNPhheCYUCwTD9Rhu64OqCoLeDqh5wnEZwwUwIfgMOjebPbPyWGd8sm8riPFLjMHieOr-0k5BmSQFhO65s8eAwZXGzMlBW8HkMNk0doisJoe83pVe2dufgya9a8CrlvV6ThodpSrS9q-X5mUNBz1VGTuWWumc3dPrtIUr3tWmfzsrtggIkAYgoqiw/s4960/scan0004.jpg"><img border="0" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ZdNPhheCYUCwTD9Rhu64OqCoLeDqh5wnEZwwUwIfgMOjebPbPyWGd8sm8riPFLjMHieOr-0k5BmSQFhO65s8eAwZXGzMlBW8HkMNk0doisJoe83pVe2dufgya9a8CrlvV6ThodpSrS9q-X5mUNBz1VGTuWWumc3dPrtIUr3tWmfzsrtggIkAYgoqiw/w400-h263/scan0004.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Mid-train Motive Power</div><br />A CSX intermodal freight with distributed power at the Berry Road, Nashville, Tennessee grade crossing. The locomotive on the far track is in the middle of the train. A train is waiting on the near tack for the other to pass. From the parking lot of the Melrose branch post office. Argus A, f/11 at 1/200 second through an orange filter on Ultrafine eXtreme 400 film developed in Ultrafine powder developer. Ultrafine eXtreme 400 has been out of stock from the distributor for a while (Photo Warehouse - <a href="https://www.ultrafineonline.com/" target="_blank">https://www.ultrafineonline.com/</a>). I don't know whether it will be available in the future. Kentmere 400 would be the nearest equivalent.</div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-24149916876546726702022-10-11T10:08:00.009-07:002023-01-21T14:01:42.958-08:00Kodak No. 2 Tripod<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPlSuem5iXxA75U04QpJvAvLEpT_wEwur8JFnyDRldvgoutx6JuQGiATRkWQ3CpQtUHkJv6BMLZ50cDxrGGEbzLAKwlqSc1H8s_zYPlrG123q-5cLfbTIFOlxDuTH6W8ebLlJ1ilNQ9vJWQZLla_6z-mIjKqrhIEfKMedHFWJRkFS7Shyx8JAK_wluaA/s3882/IMG_0858.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2727" data-original-width="3882" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPlSuem5iXxA75U04QpJvAvLEpT_wEwur8JFnyDRldvgoutx6JuQGiATRkWQ3CpQtUHkJv6BMLZ50cDxrGGEbzLAKwlqSc1H8s_zYPlrG123q-5cLfbTIFOlxDuTH6W8ebLlJ1ilNQ9vJWQZLla_6z-mIjKqrhIEfKMedHFWJRkFS7Shyx8JAK_wluaA/s320/IMG_0858.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: left;">This Kodak No, 2 tripod has a patent date of 1911, making the maximum age 111 years. Because the tripod remained in the Kodak catalog through the 1930s it could be as little as 80 years old. This one came from Goodwill with a ball head that did not have a manufacturer's name marked on it. The ball head</span> probably is not a Kodak product because I did not find a match in the old Kodak catalogs that were on line. When I got it the legs were swinging loose, so I tightened the bolts holding the legs to the top of the tripod. The legs are brass and the remaining parts are nickel plated steel. The tripod fits cameras with a 1/4"-20 thread. There is a leather case. The ball head is chrome plated steel. The legs have pointed feet. Kodak did have rubber shoes for the feet to keep from scratching floors, but those are missing. The legs extend to 49-1/2 inches.</div><p></p><p>Eastman Kodak Company used to make more than just film. There was a wide range of cameras and photographic accessories ranging from commercial and industrial products to hobbyist products. Their hobbyist handbook, "How to Make Good Pictures", even included formulas for darkroom chemicals.</p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-26857102785642765862022-03-10T07:49:00.037-08:002023-03-16T11:24:56.019-07:00Post-WWII Leica IIIc (1946-1951)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtPD96NTND-18vyhsVy5sZIk9kx-bd6aM8XEKn4X1gRKthwuDUxTth1lb4DTzXNADB9i5lxOFHfNU-7SoWVJjATb5xqeQy-1sZUE39AsuLioRrGmIcP0FWHQJ-nD_jK5_ER2qsrhmpSl4TIl9b3rjjBcuR6ui03QeXzI4Z2rItfy3uGsIE0rIqOhL-zA=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtPD96NTND-18vyhsVy5sZIk9kx-bd6aM8XEKn4X1gRKthwuDUxTth1lb4DTzXNADB9i5lxOFHfNU-7SoWVJjATb5xqeQy-1sZUE39AsuLioRrGmIcP0FWHQJ-nD_jK5_ER2qsrhmpSl4TIl9b3rjjBcuR6ui03QeXzI4Z2rItfy3uGsIE0rIqOhL-zA=w320-h240" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The Leica model IIIc was introduced by Leitz in 1940 and discontinued in 1951. This model IIIc camera is a postwar version with a serial number in the low end of a range that was assigned in 1946-47. The f/3.5 50 mm Elmar lens was bought separately and has a serial number from 1946. The Leitz factory was located in the American zone of occupation and a great deal of the production at that time was for the Allied occupation forces. The civilian export market really didn't get going again until currency reform and the creation of the Deutsche Mark in 1948. The US list price of a Leica IIIc with a standard f/3.5 50 mm Elmar lens was $332.50 in 1948. It was an expensive camera when it was new. By 1950 the list price had dropped to $285.00 In 1951 the same combination was closed out at a still expensive list price of $259.00.<br /><br />The wartime IIIc (1940-45) differs in a few details from the postwar IIIc (1946-51). The most visible differences in the wartime version are a step in the top plate where the advance-rewind lever is positioned and a different shape of the range finder focusing lever. The wartime cameras also have many variations in materials and finish. Leitz made about 33,000 of the wartime version and about 100,000 of the postwar version.</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Leica is a long running line of cameras. The first Leica camera was designed by Oskar Barnack (1879-1936) about 1912. It was further developed as a commercial product and introduced for sale in 1925. Originally the Leica came with a non-interchangeable lens. The first version with interchangeable screw-mount lenses came out in 1930, and the bayonet lens mount came out in 1954. Leica digital cameras are still in production today. The screw-mount Leica is one of the most imitated of cameras. Cameras inspired by the Leica were made in the USSR, Japan, China, the UK, France and the USA. Some lenses and other parts were interchangeable among the various makes. My camera happens to have a Canon (Japan) take-up spool. Canon and Nikon lenses in Leica screw mount are well regarded. Soviet lenses range from good to "won't even fit".</span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2kAUw4kMKhq7bpITa__XyxMdroQ-Qw9PfK9YKPe3G86HtOAnffc6QnUlG0JrD6rRerr82THh8N5P06gfGHVqVSGFhCRrN8ohhY-oRx2H1outHqk7WWf74cHp3uhcvefL5DxPc7oBnEv-wDZZAE9u2fsU6l3egoA382QRIXsLTOvFoStmjdo1A71phOg=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg2kAUw4kMKhq7bpITa__XyxMdroQ-Qw9PfK9YKPe3G86HtOAnffc6QnUlG0JrD6rRerr82THh8N5P06gfGHVqVSGFhCRrN8ohhY-oRx2H1outHqk7WWf74cHp3uhcvefL5DxPc7oBnEv-wDZZAE9u2fsU6l3egoA382QRIXsLTOvFoStmjdo1A71phOg=w320-h240" width="320" /></a><br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigi154JkfuIdmDXPBymli9joSbBKD4YMp6S9NAFiwM-iOcdBkRvSpI2OuGjHTm-CH2qr02y7lFueMcrogoNcxfiIgFyejClaIsMFF6F4R6ko106VSQf2Z3OHOXMUVuhgkJXx3si-mjDeTamXajje4Nqpt0XLGT1c8WG5NH09kDIimhGH6eVBwnS4zbXg=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEigi154JkfuIdmDXPBymli9joSbBKD4YMp6S9NAFiwM-iOcdBkRvSpI2OuGjHTm-CH2qr02y7lFueMcrogoNcxfiIgFyejClaIsMFF6F4R6ko106VSQf2Z3OHOXMUVuhgkJXx3si-mjDeTamXajje4Nqpt0XLGT1c8WG5NH09kDIimhGH6eVBwnS4zbXg=w320-h240" width="320" /></a><br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9u_iOVQnqfqsztAHAZMkD3KIZJXFoRVGJ7JzBk0m3WP3SKaTRjTR4BsxtAiCE9CQ8RKMbbPWUU1eJjwwdZKyAnREPvzf3usjGyatuXIc6UJFGtJiztM-CVoil-TFUu9xhf3hmEkpJd9W3HPeNEuXF0xb5PqftPQJ5ERYykYOCxu1miCYZWuKoN5D9ug=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9u_iOVQnqfqsztAHAZMkD3KIZJXFoRVGJ7JzBk0m3WP3SKaTRjTR4BsxtAiCE9CQ8RKMbbPWUU1eJjwwdZKyAnREPvzf3usjGyatuXIc6UJFGtJiztM-CVoil-TFUu9xhf3hmEkpJd9W3HPeNEuXF0xb5PqftPQJ5ERYykYOCxu1miCYZWuKoN5D9ug=w320-h240" width="320" /></a><br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivliAvW_ABKxOhroTQSukwl54JVmXVP6ly5em4LfHHR2SGpqu_ViP9H0qBQbrRdDHKBEnrCYhiHTRndwxY8lyvlwWI4KTTgqcvXlVj-yeFq8IqyJ7EDGDdgsCXWpfdW2wigcHuPLlYNK8xOEQq9udfCUJ1RJ9sA3b1apx8DrMVDSMuDKrgvfLbmVWYOA=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEivliAvW_ABKxOhroTQSukwl54JVmXVP6ly5em4LfHHR2SGpqu_ViP9H0qBQbrRdDHKBEnrCYhiHTRndwxY8lyvlwWI4KTTgqcvXlVj-yeFq8IqyJ7EDGDdgsCXWpfdW2wigcHuPLlYNK8xOEQq9udfCUJ1RJ9sA3b1apx8DrMVDSMuDKrgvfLbmVWYOA=w320-h240" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;">The top of the camera has the rewind knob, the focusing lever for the rangefinder eyepiece, the accessory shoe, the fast shutter speed dial, the film advance/rewind lever, the shutter button, the film advance knob and the exposure counter. The front of the camera has the slow shutter speed dial, the lens mount and the windows for the range finder and viewfinder. The back of the camera has the range finder and viewfinder eyepieces. The bottom of the camera has the base latch and the tripod socket. There are strap lugs on the left and right sides. The metal parts are chromed and the black covering is textured vulcanite. There is a little brassing on the knobs where the chrome has worn thin.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span><span style="font-family: arial;">The f/3.5 50mm Elmar lens was designed by Dr. Max Berek (1886-1949) at Leitz about 1922. The screw mount version of the lens was introduced in 1930 and discontinued in 1959. It was the standard lens for Leica screw mount cameras. It has four elements in three groups, resembling a tessar design but with the aperture diaphragm between the first and second groups instead of between the second and third group. My lens has anti-reflection coatings. The lens mount has a 39 mm right-hand screw thread with a 26 threads-per-inch pitch. Supposedly the thread pitch is from a British standard for microscope objectives. Leitz made microscopes long before it made cameras, so this seems reasonable. Inside the camera body is a roller that rides on a cam inside the lens and transmits the focus distance to the range finder. The focusing lever on the lens locks at infinity. To focus closer you press in the knob to unlock the lens and rotate the lens to focus.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> The closest focus is 1 meter (3' 3-3/8").</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> A small tab on the front of the lens sets the aperture.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> The aperture scale is marked from f/3.5 to f/16 (3.5, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16). No click stops are provided, which lets you select intermediate apertures.</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> There is a depth of field scale on the lens barrel. The Elmar lens is collapsible to allow the camera to fit inside a generous pocket. To collapse the lens you rotate the barrel counterclockwise until it unlocks and push it in. To extend the lens you draw out the barrel and rotate it clockwise until it locks. You need to make sure the lens is extended and locked for picture taking or else your pictures will be badly out of focus. The lens will take 19mm diameter screw-in filters (E19) or 36mm diameter slip-on filters (A36). A Kodak No. 18 Series V filter adapter will screw onto the lens, and a Kodak 1-13/32" Series VI filter adapter will slip on. An A36 slip-on filter or a Series adapter covers the aperture dial so you have to take off the filter or adapter to set the aperture.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The shutter is a horizontally running rubberized cloth focal plane shutter. Winding the film advance knob advances the film and cocks the shutter. Shutter speeds from 1/30 to 1/1000 second are set by lifting and turning the top shutter speed dial. Slow speeds are set on the dial on the front of the camera. The shutter needs to be cocked in order to line up the correct setting with the index mark because the shutter speed knob rotates when the shutter fires. The top speed knob should be set to "1-30" to use the slow speeds. The front speed dial should be set to "30" to use the fast speeds. The front speed dial will lock at "30" to prevent an accidental bump from changing the shutter speed. You press a small stud above the dial to unlock it. The IIIc is not synchronized for flash. Several different add-on flash synchronizers were available from Leitz and third party suppliers. Some synchronizers took advantage of the fact that the shutter speed knob rotated to fire the flash at the correct time. The shutter was synchronized for flash at 1/30 second with these attachments. The succeeding model IIIf Leica (1950-57) had flash sync built in.<br /><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB4Be1Gj7TIf9ukZzSteevxJ0QD2lUUBQ-dWNhoHMeqnXnNLxGECuzaEQ6a8wScZo-xQ3jkoN_Zs3ZMeb2mNv9Wc6jYWOP_BF8nhw9--lzkT7O_p1Zig80JX1lg-8QmdbWnFcUaBitUGPInSrk-hj6RIsA9L6edWFuF6q7VhnduSV_1D824vEySCIugA/s4032/IMG_1111.HEIC" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjB4Be1Gj7TIf9ukZzSteevxJ0QD2lUUBQ-dWNhoHMeqnXnNLxGECuzaEQ6a8wScZo-xQ3jkoN_Zs3ZMeb2mNv9Wc6jYWOP_BF8nhw9--lzkT7O_p1Zig80JX1lg-8QmdbWnFcUaBitUGPInSrk-hj6RIsA9L6edWFuF6q7VhnduSV_1D824vEySCIugA/w400-h300/IMG_1111.HEIC" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;">The Leica is a bottom loading camera. There is no hinged back (like most 35mm cameras) or removable back (like the Zeiss Ikon Contax) to make loading easier. The base plate comes off for loading film. The film should be trimmed to half width for about 4 inches to make a leader and hooked onto the take-up spool before the spool is placed inside the camera. You need to thread the film between the pressure plate and film gate and get the perforations onto the sprocket wheel by feel. The advance/rewind lever should be in the advance position to take pictures. When you advance the film you should see the rewind knob spin counterclockwise. The small black dot on the shutter button also spins around. You should advance the film twice, then set the exposure counter to zero. The exposure counter will count the number of pictures taken. There are templates available to help in trimming the film, but it is easy enough to cut freehand with scissors. The rationale for the solid back is that it makes the camera body more rigid.</span></div><div><br /><div><span style="font-family: arial;">To remove the film from the camera you switch the advance/.rewind lever to the rewind position and turn the rewind knob clockwise until all of the film is wound into the cassette. Then you can take off the base and remove the cassette.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The viewfinder and range finder have separate eyepieces, with the viewfinder on the right. The field of view of the viewfinder matches the field of view of the standard 50 mm lens. An auxiliary viewfinder for a wide angle or a telephoto lens fits into the accessory shoe. The rangefinder is a coincident type. When the double image in the eyepiece merges into a single view the camera is in focus. The range finder eyepiece magnifies about 1.5 times and has a focus adjustment for the clearest view of distant or near objects.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">To use a standard cable release you need a "Leica Nipple" adapter that replaces the collar around the shutter button. The same style adapter was used on some Yashica and Nikon cameras. The tripod socket takes a 3/8" diameter thread. You need a 3/8" to 1/4" adapter to use most modern tripods.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">The peacetime Leica IIIc probably is the most affordable Leica as a user camera. The wartime IIIc cameras tend to be expensive collectors' items. Photographic technology has advanced quite a bit in the 70-80 years since the IIIc was new, and the camera is decidedly quaint. It is definitely finely made and it still is a good picture taker.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTFBJnM-XpdTk8ZBALo9nz8cjacexLFhwmDcXK8N199QR9rDaM-Rj0tligGR0puBcrSBqzBDxmxW4CWfowWvaWOEytbEtWmm3hhttQA1k2E9wAg1-ZEaU9UFcUvyM2_O-1nyKmdhsX11PGX1HYf-mBi0aU3daHWUODQaRacVq7YytRmmu6TzSDD5Ifcw=s4589" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4589" data-original-width="3363" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgTFBJnM-XpdTk8ZBALo9nz8cjacexLFhwmDcXK8N199QR9rDaM-Rj0tligGR0puBcrSBqzBDxmxW4CWfowWvaWOEytbEtWmm3hhttQA1k2E9wAg1-ZEaU9UFcUvyM2_O-1nyKmdhsX11PGX1HYf-mBi0aU3daHWUODQaRacVq7YytRmmu6TzSDD5Ifcw=w470-h640" width="470" /></a><br />Street signs near Nissan Stadium, Nashville, Tennessee<br />Kodak Portra 160, f/3.5 50 mm Elmar<br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><br /></div></div></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-17398999696998961292022-02-02T15:19:00.208-08:002023-03-03T11:45:39.906-08:00Voigtlander Bessa 66 (about 1939)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The Voigtlander Bessa 66 is a folding camera that takes 2-1/4" square (6cm x 6cm) pictures on size 120 roll film. It was made from 1938 until 1950 with an interruption due to WWII. This one was made probably in 1939 and was an export model because the distance scale and the depth of field calculator are in feet. The Bessa 66 came with a range of lenses, shutters and viewfinders. The available lenses were the Voigtar (three elements in 3 groups), the Skopar (4 elements in 3 groups) and the Heliar (5 elements in 3 groups). [An element is a single lens. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Groups are separated by air spaces</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> and a group consists of either a single element or multiple elements cemented together.] The available shutters were the Gauthier Prontor II (fastest speed 1/175 second), the Deckel Compur (1/300) or the Deckel Compur-Rapid (1/500). The available viewfinders were a folding open frame finder, a folding optical finder and an enclosed optical finder. The cameras with enclosed viewfinders also had automatic frame counters. The features on this Bessa 66 include an uncoated f/3.5 Voigtar lens, a Compur-Rapid shutter, an enclosed optical viewfinder and an automatic frame counter. The shutter is not synchronized for flash and does not have a self-timer. Anti-reflective lens coatings, flash synchronization and self-timers appeared post-WWII.</span></div><div><p style="text-align: left;"></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjA2MEuKuEjwUQqOXXSojQqGbYIi44mq44LzmPQcmhT1gIAYa5TA1NnnzZuTHOuw7Xi_u_tTNMBAedXVqRDmg7uCmJHs4UmWV9U1nQQ4GJjIxH-jkajc_CzwO3BypZkwTlQKdlXoTUwgaBAu9qd5Ok1MLLFpDTjUIupDYdNEfG0jC6vWeixh1k_mTdzoA=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjA2MEuKuEjwUQqOXXSojQqGbYIi44mq44LzmPQcmhT1gIAYa5TA1NnnzZuTHOuw7Xi_u_tTNMBAedXVqRDmg7uCmJHs4UmWV9U1nQQ4GJjIxH-jkajc_CzwO3BypZkwTlQKdlXoTUwgaBAu9qd5Ok1MLLFpDTjUIupDYdNEfG0jC6vWeixh1k_mTdzoA=w320-h240" width="320" /></a><br /><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEis8xbjYThV12l_QFoBu3pFYs42x9YNFoITPV4775b7dxD1tIT1fo6EyNz4KvHXs6c5nWZeLbPWdY0-X-piicwphx2v5mEaf5zKXq95Z-kG-m0tm-vXWkregD89lPSYhUi1TVIfw-sOt1LbeBvmbF6FdkzNbIgrVpe1ZgWG3XcXOfLCHpV24iP8h_2jYw=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEis8xbjYThV12l_QFoBu3pFYs42x9YNFoITPV4775b7dxD1tIT1fo6EyNz4KvHXs6c5nWZeLbPWdY0-X-piicwphx2v5mEaf5zKXq95Z-kG-m0tm-vXWkregD89lPSYhUi1TVIfw-sOt1LbeBvmbF6FdkzNbIgrVpe1ZgWG3XcXOfLCHpV24iP8h_2jYw=w320-h240" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiWqtnw896QE4uLxFhSpk1xV10PMS-wbjAxo0_x4mRW9vPMr_qsnVXThTUb3cMCaxwv2DcKKfU_7lDLwK0EqZ80u0FNPLd-mZ0l9lc4sDjxQLpPqPhvz9Td4s5_XxAVRTGjBG0Swi2dZdtf7LtXEtLikh7ZzbtrArqbyfbUHK8gKRrEM2X7QlteMbclKw=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiWqtnw896QE4uLxFhSpk1xV10PMS-wbjAxo0_x4mRW9vPMr_qsnVXThTUb3cMCaxwv2DcKKfU_7lDLwK0EqZ80u0FNPLd-mZ0l9lc4sDjxQLpPqPhvz9Td4s5_XxAVRTGjBG0Swi2dZdtf7LtXEtLikh7ZzbtrArqbyfbUHK8gKRrEM2X7QlteMbclKw=w320-h240" width="320" /></a><br /><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgmGD0lXAUrO6EbygQVZJMsNYXav3TFqUiqUCwyQedJ7qoQMcA65JDjebOo6rJmu31ojMKNALA8G2KtWje3lfkcuUP7usTqvWKyOTHM5vdVpHC6lKUgF7tyWhJ21BPEGYcSseufS2jIEvbeQOss18wEH4LcZ2rsPM1hHxZvTtNSwx-nmtxfc7Rgg8SNQ=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjgmGD0lXAUrO6EbygQVZJMsNYXav3TFqUiqUCwyQedJ7qoQMcA65JDjebOo6rJmu31ojMKNALA8G2KtWje3lfkcuUP7usTqvWKyOTHM5vdVpHC6lKUgF7tyWhJ21BPEGYcSseufS2jIEvbeQOss18wEH4LcZ2rsPM1hHxZvTtNSwx-nmtxfc7Rgg8SNQ=w320-h240" width="320" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjov5kH5BZO_bAmbp8KFnmq5Q2a9iKBAkwjGVojnaO5-6SypoaNvQBuHG-rMNlxDRjVdGiquOZEP7ObQgvJm8zIYREPXdwhqKqO579rxOE3O9R4jvXPBnJMp1z4NvNs6hVmIdDCydkB-VRM74bVKXiC7fpUAJFNAGWboaMOd6b5M0TylPVvmLQ0gpfc7A=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjov5kH5BZO_bAmbp8KFnmq5Q2a9iKBAkwjGVojnaO5-6SypoaNvQBuHG-rMNlxDRjVdGiquOZEP7ObQgvJm8zIYREPXdwhqKqO579rxOE3O9R4jvXPBnJMp1z4NvNs6hVmIdDCydkB-VRM74bVKXiC7fpUAJFNAGWboaMOd6b5M0TylPVvmLQ0gpfc7A=w320-h240" width="320" /></span></a></div></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div></div></div><div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The top of the camera has the film winding knob and the frame counter window. The bottom of the camera has the lens door button, the 3/8" tripod socket, the base support and the depth of field calculator. The front has the lens door and the viewfinder window. The back of the camera has the viewfinder eyepiece, the frame counter start slider, and the little red window. The red window has a shutter that you open and close using the knob next to the window. The film back hinge is on the left and the film back latch is on the right.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The lens is an uncoated, f/3.5-f/16, 75 mm, Voigtlander Voigtar lens with front cell focusing. A 32 mm Series VI filter adapter fits the lens. The Voigtar is a Cooke Triplet design. The Cooke Triplet was invented in 1893 by Harold Dennis Taylor (1862-1943) at the Thomas Cooke and Sons optical firm in England.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The shutter is a Compur-Rapid leaf shutter with speeds of 1, 1/2, 1/5, 1/10, 1/25, 1/50, 1/100, 1/250 and 1/500 second. The shutter release is on the lens door and is interlocked with the automatic frame counter to prevent double exposures. The socket for a cable release is on the top of the shutter release mechanism near the lens door hinge. The shutter is manually cocked with a lever on the side of the shutter.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">When you press the lens door button the lens door pops open and you can pull the lens door down until the lens struts click into place. To close the lens door you press the curved plate under the lens to unlatch the lens struts and push the lens door closed.<br /><br />To open the door to the film compartment you turn the base support to the front, squeeze together the latches and pull open the door. The film door latches when you close it. Turning the base support back under the base moves a tab under the bottom latch to keep it closed.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The frame counter has to be at zero in order to load film. If the counter needs to be reset you rotate the toothed roller near the supply chamber to the left until you hear a click, then cock and release the shutter. Repeat until the counter is at zero and the film winding knob turns freely. The take-up spool goes into the cradle on the left under the winding knob. The new roll of film goes into the cradle on the right side. Thread the backing paper into the slot on the take-up spool, close the back and wind the film until the number 1 shows through the little red window. You push the start slider to the left and a one will appear in the frame counter window.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">To take a picture you set the aperture and the shutter speed, focus the lens, cock the shutter, aim and press the shutter release lever on the lens door all the way down to take a picture. The lever then locks to prevent a double exposure. The winding knob unlocks when you press the shutter release lever. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">Turn the winding knob until it locks to advance to the next frame. </span><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial;">You need to advance to the next frame to unlock the shutter release lever. After you have taken 12 pictures the frame counter resets to zero and the winding knob turns freely to let you wind up the roll of film to be ready to load a fresh roll.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The focusing scale has distant and near settings for snapshots. When the aperture is set at f/8 and the focus is set to the circle symbol (about 32 feet or 10 meters) on the focusing scale, the depth of field extends from 16 feet or 5 meters to infinity. When the lens is set at the triangle symbol (about 11 feet or 3.3 meters) the depth of field extends from 8 feet or 2.5 meters to 16 feet or 10 meters. Use the depth of field calculator on the bottom to estimate the depth of field for other settings.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For long exposures you can put the camera on a stable support and use a cable release. You can turn the base support forward to set the Bessa 66 on a level surface without tipping over. The tripod socket takes a 3/8" screw. You need a 1/4" to 3/8" adapter to use most modern tripods.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">The Bessa 66 folds to about the size of a 35 mm camera. The Bessa 66 and Bessa 46 (4.5cm wide x 6cm tall pictures) were known as "Baby Bessas" because they were so compact. The camera is entirely manual. Scale focusing takes a little getting used to. A hand held range finder helps with focusing. An exposure meter helps with setting the aperture and shutter. When the camera was new, 100 speed film was "fast." The camera settings have enough range to use current 400 speed film on a sunny day. The frame counter on this camera is a little cranky after 80-plus years and takes gentle handling.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Voigtlander started making scientific instruments in 1756 and made its first camera in 1840. The camera factory closed in 1971. After 1999 Cosina Co., Ltd., Japan, made products with the Voigtlander name. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhExdV86mB1S-w-JI-DixYfevyOy0vFioswTdNq0x7orMwzMB5LW6KYct-USREJ2ioxCdpDkJvS53XECXuDTFLQuiaofI6rjo1MYetc_P8YS_QTg0QmkFWyLAdOJARbWOa7BekiF_wTsEz52nT9JCvMRhX23-sAORKY-xLoJRttYYwkr-6AQsZwdGjb9Q=s5400" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5400" data-original-width="5400" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhExdV86mB1S-w-JI-DixYfevyOy0vFioswTdNq0x7orMwzMB5LW6KYct-USREJ2ioxCdpDkJvS53XECXuDTFLQuiaofI6rjo1MYetc_P8YS_QTg0QmkFWyLAdOJARbWOa7BekiF_wTsEz52nT9JCvMRhX23-sAORKY-xLoJRttYYwkr-6AQsZwdGjb9Q=w400-h400" width="400" /></a><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This picture was taken several years ago on ISO 100 Arista.edu Ultra film. The Bessa 66 makes nice pictures.</span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-71123826285188430182022-02-02T08:08:00.008-08:002023-02-11T09:17:07.509-08:00View-Master Personal Stereo Camera (1952-1955)You might remember looking through a View-Master viewer at a reel of scenic views or cartoon favorites on a reel of color stereo slides. You might not remember that you could have made your own View-Master reels with this View-Master Personal Stereo Camera. Sawyer's, Inc., Portland, Oregon, began producing View-Master reels and viewers in the 1930s. During the 1950s stereo photography boom, Sawyer's sold a home photography View-Master system consisting of a camera and a film cutter. The photographer would shoot a roll of 35 mm slide film, have it developed, and either send the film to Sawyer's to be mounted in View-Master reels or cut and mount the film at home using a View-Master film cutter and empty View-Master reels. The cameras were made for Sawyer's by Stereocraft Engineering Company, also in Portland, Oregon. Patents on the camera were filed by Gordon N. Smith and assigned to Stereocraft. Stereocraft Engineering Company made other products for Sawyer's and eventually merged with Sawyer's. Sawyer's merged with GAF in 1966. GAF got out of the photography business in 1977. View-Master viewers and commercial reels are still sold as toys.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw7HeYX4qRjbC5IO9u9fB1dzA83Y5l09UO7XhM2hokk1hW0NzkxB2BKm-wPQ_gwW4rq08ZjDuOd_8D5_HpJQcUI4YrZXtQ62JcUNKxZK0jLfapyuwWgL31r46GqC-0CwuUOtCIZKkPHLzyHoSp0JkiGxAvGduX7X9RBU3ZBjpCbmXdtgAJ6TJ6aiPZTA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgw7HeYX4qRjbC5IO9u9fB1dzA83Y5l09UO7XhM2hokk1hW0NzkxB2BKm-wPQ_gwW4rq08ZjDuOd_8D5_HpJQcUI4YrZXtQ62JcUNKxZK0jLfapyuwWgL31r46GqC-0CwuUOtCIZKkPHLzyHoSp0JkiGxAvGduX7X9RBU3ZBjpCbmXdtgAJ6TJ6aiPZTA=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiAmrt1Mk7s4Ssb3SpEHukVdd8jYwzASdOBcfmC2ZxlYrDXsqSajFwNZLpPpf2A_pgXgHGJgnH9qrAdygS6CmwKSeRKwQCGpXqi9y7BE6hMeJ8P8qN0jVrEyZQKAqWgTO4Y-ga2zhMOs-mLlYN3M6I7z0kXNrSFucPUDiMejhAs4oEKmxM8gr1IuerbkA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiAmrt1Mk7s4Ssb3SpEHukVdd8jYwzASdOBcfmC2ZxlYrDXsqSajFwNZLpPpf2A_pgXgHGJgnH9qrAdygS6CmwKSeRKwQCGpXqi9y7BE6hMeJ8P8qN0jVrEyZQKAqWgTO4Y-ga2zhMOs-mLlYN3M6I7z0kXNrSFucPUDiMejhAs4oEKmxM8gr1IuerbkA=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZKdRlAIDzlWyb_BA4H5w9cfxl12oKzfMdSrE6KCR6LFOXMppOHVLDecJ-p3PMg7MRFJSevlzy8iKc6RkZauviZ2XSySNNuPIRxbnjNuROtU5a3LlFC2gtTqS0xhtBN7NsWZttke3YoTbC8nipCEoDI_umq5EDjFoo-MUithb_5ws-4LmFSD-ZvTqfww=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhZKdRlAIDzlWyb_BA4H5w9cfxl12oKzfMdSrE6KCR6LFOXMppOHVLDecJ-p3PMg7MRFJSevlzy8iKc6RkZauviZ2XSySNNuPIRxbnjNuROtU5a3LlFC2gtTqS0xhtBN7NsWZttke3YoTbC8nipCEoDI_umq5EDjFoo-MUithb_5ws-4LmFSD-ZvTqfww=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCvxHriIsa40Jkm0C0XPbrRHnntDIscmI3r_HM3hn6koE3qi-srJt6T0HRjkM2pObByLRyIRb5Q4_I8Bp9SJgFMEf1RjbhVquNiTkjYY04dI3XwmbKbPjXqrLdCYc2uFHZvGfUzO5FU_nTliqR5dtFw55_LEZv_pwzcuNckstsEagYOrPO6_FasXnc4w=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhCvxHriIsa40Jkm0C0XPbrRHnntDIscmI3r_HM3hn6koE3qi-srJt6T0HRjkM2pObByLRyIRb5Q4_I8Bp9SJgFMEf1RjbhVquNiTkjYY04dI3XwmbKbPjXqrLdCYc2uFHZvGfUzO5FU_nTliqR5dtFw55_LEZv_pwzcuNckstsEagYOrPO6_FasXnc4w=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>The body of the camera is die cast metal with a small amount of chrome. The top of the camera has the winding knob, film length indicator, exposure counter, exposure calculator/aperture setting/shutter speed setting knobs, a flash connector and a film advance indicator. The bottom has the film loaded indicator, the tripod socket and a summary of the instructions for loading film. The front of the camera has the front lens of the viewfinder, two windows for the paired lenses, the A/B shift knob, the cable release socket and the shutter button. The back of the camera has the rear lens of the viewfinder. A spirit level is visible through the viewfinder. The film door is hinged on the left and has a latch on the right. The camera weighs 1 lb. 7-1/2 oz. (0.67 kg) without film. It is 6 in. wide by 3-3/4 in. high by 2 in. deep (15 cm x 95 cm x 5 cm). The camera came in either black or, uncommonly, brown.<br /><br />The lenses are matched, fixed focus, View-Master f/3.5-f/16, 25 mm, coated anastigmats with three elements in three groups. The range of sharp focus depends on the selected aperture. Close focus is as close as 4 ft. with the camera set to f/16, and 10 ft. with the camera set to f/3.5. The best stereo effect is with the aperture set to f/11 or f/16 for the greatest possible depth of field. Subjects should be no closer than 6 or 7 ft. The lenses are spaced 2-7/16 in. (62 mm) on centers, which is about the average interpupillary distance for a natural stereo effect. The lenses are located behind plane glass windows that protect the shutter blades. The window mountings hold Series V drop-in filters. The camera came with retaining rings threaded into the window mountings. Wratten 85 color correction filters were commonly used with tungsten balanced Kodachrome A film outdoors in daylight.<br /><br />The shutters are guillotine types located in front of the lenses. They function like the shutter on the Minox camera. Continuously variable shutter speeds run from 1/100 second to 1/10 second plus bulb.<br /><br />The aperture and shutter speed knobs are coupled to an exposure setting calculator. You set the film speed (from ASA 5 to 100) to the season (Summer or Winter) and match the weather conditions to the brightness of the subject by selecting the aperture and shutter speeds. It is a very workable system. Stereocraft put the same calculator on the TDC Stereo Vivid camera they made for Bell and Howell.<br /><br />The film advance and rewind are unique to this camera. Using a 36-exposure roll of 35mm color slide film, the camera makes 69 pairs of 12 mm x 14 mm pictures. Four pictures fit in the area taken up by one full frame 35 mm picture. 34 pairs of pictures are made on the lower half of the film as it moves forward from the film cassette to the take-up spindle. A knob on the front of the camera shifts the lenses from lower to upper, and the film transport from forward to reverse. 35 pairs of pictures are made on the upper half of the film as it moves back from the spindle into the cassette. The wind knob turns counterclockwise for advance and clockwise for reverse.<div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyp8az_Q0MQpDky_Cy3UYnOKjwtdm_HDyWuz_hWR-6a7iF4DRKwHrAJVdKyYEa3RMnJ6YIw73ktzMFWFRxaVeBWGpTn7-XAbE6tipUMMpzJ3wrLz0jVw5eyKviDBQ7Em-gdaZsuDvv7KJ8uuUt3TPXRJHQiT-nlJjIm0g_YRO_bFjrrPjsxgHKjqHwAg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjyp8az_Q0MQpDky_Cy3UYnOKjwtdm_HDyWuz_hWR-6a7iF4DRKwHrAJVdKyYEa3RMnJ6YIw73ktzMFWFRxaVeBWGpTn7-XAbE6tipUMMpzJ3wrLz0jVw5eyKviDBQ7Em-gdaZsuDvv7KJ8uuUt3TPXRJHQiT-nlJjIm0g_YRO_bFjrrPjsxgHKjqHwAg=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">The shifting lenses on the View-Master Personal Stereo Camera</div><div style="text-align: center;">The shutter is open on the bulb setting to show the lenses.</div><br />When the camera was new photographers would send their Kodachrome film to Eastman Kodak for processing and have the processed film returned uncut. They then had the option of sending the film to Sawyer's or one of their dealers to be mounted on View-Master reels or cutting and mounting the slides themselves. Sawyer's sold a film cutter and blank, View-Master personal reels. The film cutter is a necessity for do-it-yourself mounting because it is difficult to cut the slides by hand to fit a reel. Blank View-Master reels are no longer made, but old stock still appears on eBay. It might be possible to cut your own reels on a paper craft cutter like the Cricut machine. Commercial View-Master reels from a thrift store could be reused by taking out the old slides. Some commercial reels are in demand as collectibles, making it a good idea to check prices before sacrificing one of your potentially valuable commercial reels.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEaUoSGnCMyidabYQPC_VxcG1uT7_kxMVTadJhs6qdc-FLZzx9IeNAjtsk0F8TSD2t4qDMqXf2Ateeqqcwcd9p1XJ1qR-1PmtezM_w7_8yfr49sA9Mh5HebdMEmPWdlLtMMY5nIRkND65bMWp6uqxl2Fslw_Enp8Jqd2vhWhtICCsGBpBp4v4Q29MJcg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEaUoSGnCMyidabYQPC_VxcG1uT7_kxMVTadJhs6qdc-FLZzx9IeNAjtsk0F8TSD2t4qDMqXf2Ateeqqcwcd9p1XJ1qR-1PmtezM_w7_8yfr49sA9Mh5HebdMEmPWdlLtMMY5nIRkND65bMWp6uqxl2Fslw_Enp8Jqd2vhWhtICCsGBpBp4v4Q29MJcg=w320-h240" /></a></div><br />The model FC-1 film cutter uses a 15 watt light bulb to illuminate the slides. The knob on the front advances the film through the cutter. Pressing the handle punches out the chips for one stereo pair. To keep from mixing up the chips from different stereo pairs you should mount the slides as you go along. To punch out the pairs of chips you feed the film from right to left with the emulsion side down. Once you finish one row of pictures you turn the film over and cut the second row, feeding the film from left to right with the emulsion side up. The View-Master camera has a square notch on the right film gate and a rounded notch on the left film gate so you can tell left from right, and the notches match the guides printed on blank View-Master personal reels. If you are intending to make your own View-Master reels it is a good idea to find the somewhat uncommon film cutter first.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2V_6goGkn2uVqRLl5nqmXm2shFkjLjSPhGHif0pK99o0OyNS1tWOCDW81c3owM0uXbBy94r67ugJEc-E1asYe2GNZq3fRzROA_HpDbgRrFWtC5na7cftf0ZcItiqjtLGSExzP3LHsZwpct1NAxmhSLmJmFDhEEU1A2qqfEPooMwhftTEyJSUkC-ggIQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2V_6goGkn2uVqRLl5nqmXm2shFkjLjSPhGHif0pK99o0OyNS1tWOCDW81c3owM0uXbBy94r67ugJEc-E1asYe2GNZq3fRzROA_HpDbgRrFWtC5na7cftf0ZcItiqjtLGSExzP3LHsZwpct1NAxmhSLmJmFDhEEU1A2qqfEPooMwhftTEyJSUkC-ggIQ=w320-h240" /></a></div><br />The chips can be slipped into a View-Master reel holding 7 stereo pairs. The personal reels have spaces to write descriptions of slides if you write small. A 36 exposure roll of color slide film makes enough pictures to nearly fill 10 View-Master reels.The same View-Master hand viewers for commercial reels work with personal reels. Sawyer's made a 3D slide projector for viewing reels in 3D with special Polaroid glasses. You also needed a special aluminized screen that reflected polarized light. Sawyer's also made 2D projectors that projected only one slide of a pair.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghXLP71z53Wd0uy4ByTROFAxB7lv1JA0qlwA4zaecEfKm3nNGrm_mIe3iKZYMTIHU_Qk3Ph2qYN77ckqRgb43nhAonC7P5aUNoVIGEyoe2yI4icHlqYlKhl1Q4PlueJ1JW-J8UGzm_yjwIMehcw85mi6C672b7IxDwy7J3aihoZ96HFVUFxQ2aRIwP2A=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghXLP71z53Wd0uy4ByTROFAxB7lv1JA0qlwA4zaecEfKm3nNGrm_mIe3iKZYMTIHU_Qk3Ph2qYN77ckqRgb43nhAonC7P5aUNoVIGEyoe2yI4icHlqYlKhl1Q4PlueJ1JW-J8UGzm_yjwIMehcw85mi6C672b7IxDwy7J3aihoZ96HFVUFxQ2aRIwP2A=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4zCMDSCiabnyy7ogTVhmGWOF0u5ZbpESyeUtJvkGpb3kv0XfXN7TjY8dV1UA2Kk0Qxwk1R3gwPF3PDNZ5SM1ziWFPDToO-fos9_YF3sgbrCc_0AtE80vwbnj4CS_k-fgDdRvZM85uHoWbVnlS6SgHZ1CKNcUh2co0h3M7gKa35MuBBGq6Gw63HT6bvA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4zCMDSCiabnyy7ogTVhmGWOF0u5ZbpESyeUtJvkGpb3kv0XfXN7TjY8dV1UA2Kk0Qxwk1R3gwPF3PDNZ5SM1ziWFPDToO-fos9_YF3sgbrCc_0AtE80vwbnj4CS_k-fgDdRvZM85uHoWbVnlS6SgHZ1CKNcUh2co0h3M7gKa35MuBBGq6Gw63HT6bvA=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>There is a matching flasholder that is unique in having a built-in range finder. You looked through the eyepiece at the top of the flasholder and turned the inner part of the dial to merge the double images into one. This measured the distance to the main subject. You then set the outer part of the dial to the guide number for the flashbulb and film you are using. You read off the aperture to use according to the tonal value of the main subject.<br /><br />There also were close-up attachments, which I don't have, that focused at 36 inches or 24 inches.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-25679294064279734052022-01-27T11:30:00.110-08:002022-12-04T05:30:22.759-08:00Stereo-Tach Stereo Photography Attachment (about 1939-1951)The Stereo-Tach (rhymes with attach) is a gadget for taking stereo pictures with just about any camera from 35 mm to 4x5 large format. It uses four front surface mirrors to put two pictures with slightly different viewpoints side by side on the same negative. The stereo pairs are in portrait format. The stereo baseline is about 70 mm, which is roughly the same baseline on most stereo cameras. To compose the picture through the camera viewfinder you have to remember that the image is only half as wide as a normal image. The waist level viewfinder can be used to compose the picture if the Stereo-Tach blocks the camera's viewfinder. You also need to double the exposure.<br /><br /><div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTgmVMdwjgF4YHabl8GtyQ-67FyYfbr3J9wOmrY-w30Ja_I-EfD81jJyoQvIcOyikDq5-dER-6bm41orYiK88RsRsRcFZVPfyu1IHVatoDDUripiz9jej5edFiw-ePce77Vs6H3t0ik9L1ot6YHG-myU5CcJflasWknMDCTzuibltNrT4PQHGexE4ZUA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiTgmVMdwjgF4YHabl8GtyQ-67FyYfbr3J9wOmrY-w30Ja_I-EfD81jJyoQvIcOyikDq5-dER-6bm41orYiK88RsRsRcFZVPfyu1IHVatoDDUripiz9jej5edFiw-ePce77Vs6H3t0ik9L1ot6YHG-myU5CcJflasWknMDCTzuibltNrT4PQHGexE4ZUA=w320-h240" /></a><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgE7ow7c1stfDyPDE6H5vA8dQiNY_XGV6N9IvVWBHk6z01EpAzbpTMbyc_LPN57zpw5xi3ow3aqdxRu94m7jQjVv8Rs5zfwGxtpfe4H4CNAIa5ZJvUsMmLeboUl2dDSny6hve5_EPkIxw4JQA4blAOvc6cbjySgKPEXSW-2uerZWpLje2gIuFCLbT6JhQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgE7ow7c1stfDyPDE6H5vA8dQiNY_XGV6N9IvVWBHk6z01EpAzbpTMbyc_LPN57zpw5xi3ow3aqdxRu94m7jQjVv8Rs5zfwGxtpfe4H4CNAIa5ZJvUsMmLeboUl2dDSny6hve5_EPkIxw4JQA4blAOvc6cbjySgKPEXSW-2uerZWpLje2gIuFCLbT6JhQ=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsj9x--Jb9ItX-aD3DdJe30HXRCiECCoQIltJAMiufJW68H00O4qDQc5YkT4Zd6_0nDM9bP1DtxjNV_3W0inHzKc7qH8rIgAz0HWYDU_R2bfnpiUjBdZeYlm3mOBwbMGJ2QRQ9RmX7_ud-Uyyr152amx5gCglQV0LtnEfaazH-d3IZ0qNG9o7Z1hDieg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsj9x--Jb9ItX-aD3DdJe30HXRCiECCoQIltJAMiufJW68H00O4qDQc5YkT4Zd6_0nDM9bP1DtxjNV_3W0inHzKc7qH8rIgAz0HWYDU_R2bfnpiUjBdZeYlm3mOBwbMGJ2QRQ9RmX7_ud-Uyyr152amx5gCglQV0LtnEfaazH-d3IZ0qNG9o7Z1hDieg=w320-h240" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A Series VI insert is attached. The inner recess is for a</div><div style="text-align: center;">Series V insert. The outer recess is for a Series VII.</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">The Stereo-Tach in the pictures has a Series VI insert to attach the Stereo-Tach to an adapter ring for the camera lens. Series V, VI or VII inserts and adapter rings could be used for lenses ranging from 3/4" to 2" in diameter. When an adapter was not available for the lens an adjustable mounting bracket could be used to attach the Stereo-Tach to the tripod socket on the camera body. The Stereo-Tach needed to be level with the camera and centered on the lens to work.</div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNy0NVyjI27G2GXa1zhP4-Go04OqnO95jcAPeBVVijP2PhdGLpvwEXRPhP52O4mIlSdm-RZEURVkPR7cqLEzddXi6hBnrFWr1cIcNZAYa0Q78KHJG_UDSf6T2u7CaU2VYPFGbteBuycbAPLz9_cmm7BlyLQooPT_9PPvUY-D-RDUuY1G_F8kR1w3VvPA=s4536"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNy0NVyjI27G2GXa1zhP4-Go04OqnO95jcAPeBVVijP2PhdGLpvwEXRPhP52O4mIlSdm-RZEURVkPR7cqLEzddXi6hBnrFWr1cIcNZAYa0Q78KHJG_UDSf6T2u7CaU2VYPFGbteBuycbAPLz9_cmm7BlyLQooPT_9PPvUY-D-RDUuY1G_F8kR1w3VvPA=w284-h320" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>A matching slide viewer was available. The images of a stereo pair appear slide-by-slide on a standard 35mm slide. The viewer uses four mirrors to reflect the images and get the separation needed. The viewer could fit inside a unit with a battery powered light for illumination. A print viewer was available.<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLwsETVa-4kgpYEjtYyje6GCPp8y3xbeSiGy9w3bscri9lk8CK_Axn62_uvV1MKoD9CRP9F196YZONRHdsoEyiqSFAwrIsTeQCV8ZFUJzMxVKYnnyDXkpn4vUNOhmJfxOdutEUkvmFsDp6EF0cbyFYDCsi-hUI7NeGNh1zk5_VRZqXQ-sx2bE2HIUigQ=s577" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLwsETVa-4kgpYEjtYyje6GCPp8y3xbeSiGy9w3bscri9lk8CK_Axn62_uvV1MKoD9CRP9F196YZONRHdsoEyiqSFAwrIsTeQCV8ZFUJzMxVKYnnyDXkpn4vUNOhmJfxOdutEUkvmFsDp6EF0cbyFYDCsi-hUI7NeGNh1zk5_VRZqXQ-sx2bE2HIUigQ=w400-h376" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: start;">Stereo-Tach ad from the July, 1939, issue</span><br style="text-align: start;" /><span style="text-align: start;">of Popular Mechanics, page 144A</span><br style="text-align: start;" /></td></tr></tbody></table><br />The Stereo-Tach was invented by Charles D. Austin. It was first made by the Commonwealth Manufacturing Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, and later by Advertising Displays, Inc., Covington, Kentucky. The list price for a set containing the Stereo-Tach and the slide viewer was $22.50 plus tax in 1948. The price was cut to $17.70 about 1950. Sets were made for cameras using 35 mm film, roll film and Polaroid film. The Stereo-Tach could not fit some cameras like the Kodak Bantam Special where there wasn't enough clearance around the lens for the attachment. The Stereo-Tach stayed on the market only a few years. The beam-splitter principle used in the Stereo-Tach was used in stereo attachments from other manufacturers including Kodak, Leitz and Zeiss. Pentax made one in the '70s for 35 mm SLRs.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdBVBYy-oGMFhOFn7VhuSgtKkRVJmcB8o2hhkGekxZTXH9A0zJCjaivxq7b8tUbKNRvC9gTr_MNLCM17uezIkVGBLSoEEd01CAfOp0q8sWpesQN8MNAX-Uwpgaud6Qh8qNcBfSqwcnHU-7RJ7wV3ZtDN-h_rWmZa_jfURpI9yztEXg_3DgGa20sCzUgw=s4928"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjdBVBYy-oGMFhOFn7VhuSgtKkRVJmcB8o2hhkGekxZTXH9A0zJCjaivxq7b8tUbKNRvC9gTr_MNLCM17uezIkVGBLSoEEd01CAfOp0q8sWpesQN8MNAX-Uwpgaud6Qh8qNcBfSqwcnHU-7RJ7wV3ZtDN-h_rWmZa_jfURpI9yztEXg_3DgGa20sCzUgw=w320-h212" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">A stereo pair made with a Stereo-Tach</div><br />The mirrors in a stereo attachment have to be precisely aligned so the images are not tilted, which would spoil the stereo effect. The mirrors in this example are a little out of alignment. Being part of that roughly 4% of the population without stereo vision owing to strabismus, I'm not sure how bad this one is.<br /><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-63893086207249910002022-01-19T20:38:00.123-08:002022-12-04T05:34:35.093-08:00David White Company Stereo Realist (1947-1971)The Stereo Realist camera is the first 3D camera made for 35mm slide film. It was invented by Seton Rochwite and made by the David White Company. Seton Rochwite (1904-2000) was an electrical engineer (Marquette, 1929) and inventor. David White Company was a manufacturer of surveying equipment. About 125,000 cameras were made from 1947 to 1971.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPoCF3J1iFwDtxf2CpqvID1ZWmPSrXsrnjCc4_iQjGB35A3cYbXisZbnB-4k07VYdXBpaCrRftSAX52D8Puln6uDFNdiEKQOl8bcGJyFaLcBkV4w6QiwHa5hFq9-YjVRI20sekUf9dEatDJJkh4hyKT29I9i6uyluWUAy_xm3XnVwqxwhKT-SqV1Mu-Q=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjPoCF3J1iFwDtxf2CpqvID1ZWmPSrXsrnjCc4_iQjGB35A3cYbXisZbnB-4k07VYdXBpaCrRftSAX52D8Puln6uDFNdiEKQOl8bcGJyFaLcBkV4w6QiwHa5hFq9-YjVRI20sekUf9dEatDJJkh4hyKT29I9i6uyluWUAy_xm3XnVwqxwhKT-SqV1Mu-Q=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCU0RpNTOrIt7YDrmdOY8t2ednXFa1K1KBeia4XoU0txM12O9WmZcmCUDQguOD-j6Vr_gazoUnYQSBErF8TKnWrpf-Wlhz220wxZQ0RgbNm7pMFjck1oJr2cwk7B1zPh-ihzCE_lqpEydhejhoA274AbA4o7uOICslrnQGVJo8nkP2eLbaOKi4C0eNYQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCU0RpNTOrIt7YDrmdOY8t2ednXFa1K1KBeia4XoU0txM12O9WmZcmCUDQguOD-j6Vr_gazoUnYQSBErF8TKnWrpf-Wlhz220wxZQ0RgbNm7pMFjck1oJr2cwk7B1zPh-ihzCE_lqpEydhejhoA274AbA4o7uOICslrnQGVJo8nkP2eLbaOKi4C0eNYQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjEi-fUCUy3mNvcCz9SqYHfMYIesVd6xqRlWYc9xN8HX7Fg0byPKdlxzIO0MxnTq7mojJHA-T723xARiR9iMeFos3lCh7RIpEl4GNNoVH3r8MKWg9lzs6GL1S5tRHjt5yx5rxRjyF30UI8c7G8irDWriU0NfzXhuQM5dVfAD5WTQHEEw44HQRQcJqsAuQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjEi-fUCUy3mNvcCz9SqYHfMYIesVd6xqRlWYc9xN8HX7Fg0byPKdlxzIO0MxnTq7mojJHA-T723xARiR9iMeFos3lCh7RIpEl4GNNoVH3r8MKWg9lzs6GL1S5tRHjt5yx5rxRjyF30UI8c7G8irDWriU0NfzXhuQM5dVfAD5WTQHEEw44HQRQcJqsAuQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjB2oQioh7DJxRzilqlAaBzA2eiD6DcCt9Kem4KwVCJ7KHOF7Q8ImBbHkhizZIoy_V5Q1f_1kXxax7QWOqdgyLByPr2okKEsJUI3jbsuk0PLDguQQLpCaBk921xYGo0S3If2UoFqxk5iAEO9TFiGvI338zwQyDBHpHGlI3ojJdVUCNUU9oQh4E7yGkPwA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjB2oQioh7DJxRzilqlAaBzA2eiD6DcCt9Kem4KwVCJ7KHOF7Q8ImBbHkhizZIoy_V5Q1f_1kXxax7QWOqdgyLByPr2okKEsJUI3jbsuk0PLDguQQLpCaBk921xYGo0S3If2UoFqxk5iAEO9TFiGvI338zwQyDBHpHGlI3ojJdVUCNUU9oQh4E7yGkPwA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJMnMyYKFYa_cwZ4SOzRDxxk4u2t55BPB4ixzP33NKnnOBLpIUI2FDVcOwwM7JLNoAkE3xGHRDWHdxoI62R9M1sx5q3fScgEw7H3B9kaxegD7Q47L8Rrsihd02S7DqdWlVbeiNQ9vlfmprzLXZd6ZXdF-LjytSA6OXW9tkYCBTzNV4WARJr3DM4JgKcw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJMnMyYKFYa_cwZ4SOzRDxxk4u2t55BPB4ixzP33NKnnOBLpIUI2FDVcOwwM7JLNoAkE3xGHRDWHdxoI62R9M1sx5q3fScgEw7H3B9kaxegD7Q47L8Rrsihd02S7DqdWlVbeiNQ9vlfmprzLXZd6ZXdF-LjytSA6OXW9tkYCBTzNV4WARJr3DM4JgKcw=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbT6NeYbu3nfZStk0gOjqsuFL3rV5LL-pEhhsjP_ApDKoYqPH1I0f_touKqbc0QsfwxajmybybJ3FvsOHAt3IRjh7kvQQGeY_eUYw-ASK2P5RJ0Lwlfa-OVWaSjslt_f84iAd-UfjXA1ABC8SBYcxKgWe1pOv6C9hTrUARUdlP_LsbP09I6_uu-ldAUA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbT6NeYbu3nfZStk0gOjqsuFL3rV5LL-pEhhsjP_ApDKoYqPH1I0f_touKqbc0QsfwxajmybybJ3FvsOHAt3IRjh7kvQQGeY_eUYw-ASK2P5RJ0Lwlfa-OVWaSjslt_f84iAd-UfjXA1ABC8SBYcxKgWe1pOv6C9hTrUARUdlP_LsbP09I6_uu-ldAUA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjtX-7cG1cm-sPysuYe6njDDxJwmb1z2r0p6M7TGgD9qmCUqbJDdca-6qDSK6i3rQYM48mtb-e4ZTJ1MPlQv9cGUlBuTwlqIzburp8AXIibpd-X2RSRU-OmS4hNvpIqy0xbxzdnZyj6tPABkTEJfnjmzTEJisxX3yeIbE2Ozgcr8DZX5dkCYn6IJ7oWA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjjtX-7cG1cm-sPysuYe6njDDxJwmb1z2r0p6M7TGgD9qmCUqbJDdca-6qDSK6i3rQYM48mtb-e4ZTJ1MPlQv9cGUlBuTwlqIzburp8AXIibpd-X2RSRU-OmS4hNvpIqy0xbxzdnZyj6tPABkTEJfnjmzTEJisxX3yeIbE2Ozgcr8DZX5dkCYn6IJ7oWA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>The camera has a black and chrome, die cast aluminum body. The front of the camera has a flip up lens cover, a matched pair of lenses, the aperture rings around the lenses, the viewfinder window, the shutter speed dial around the viewfinder window, the shutter cocking lever and the two range finder windows. Under the lens cover is a depth-of-field table or an exposure table for Kodachrome film, depending on the particular version of the Realist. The back of the camera has the double exposure button, the film release button and the eyepieces for the viewfinder and rangefinder. The top of the camera has the rewind knob, the cable release socket, the shutter button, the shutter trip indicator, the flash shoe, the exposure counter, the film rewind/advance control and the wind knob. The bottom of the camera has the tripod socket and a latch to unlock the back of the camera. The focusing knob and a depth of field scale are on the right side. Strap lugs are on the left and right sides.<br /><br />The lenses are coated, f/3.5-f/22, 35 mm cooke triplets. The camera is focused by moving the film plane, and the closest focus is 2-1/2 ft. The Realist makes two 23 wide by 25 mm high pictures of the same scene through a pair of lenses spaced about 70 mm apart. Pictures of one pair are 15 perforations apart on the film and the film is advanced 10 perforations for each pair. This interleaves the pictures on the film. The film gates and lenses are positioned so the lines of sight from the left and right lenses converge about 2 meters in front of the camera. This helps create the illusion of depth. Because the images are about five film perforations wide Realist format is also called 5P format. The Realist format was the most popular format for stereo slides and was used in stereo cameras from a number of other manufacturers.<br /><br />The guillotine type shutters are located behind the lenses. Shutter speeds run from 1/150 second to 1 second plus bulb and time. The shutter is interlocked with the film advance to prevent an accidental double exposure. To make a deliberate double exposure or make a time exposure pull out the double exposure button.<br /><br />To load the camera, turn the advance/rewind control to "R". Unlatch and remove the back. Push up the rewind knob, put the new film cassette in the film chamber on the left and push down the rewind knob, engaging the key in the film spool with the fork on the rewind shaft. Thread the film between the sprocket wheel and the guard, making sure the teeth on the wheel engage the sprocket holes on the film. Insert the film leader into the slot on the wind spindle. Turn the wind knob a little to make sure the film is moving properly. Replace and latch the back and turn the advance/rewiind control to "A". Press the film release button and turn the wind knob until it stops. Advance the film twice more. Turn the exposure counter counterclockwise to "1". It won't turn backward.<br /><br />To take a picture, focus the camera, set the shutter speed, set the aperture, focus the camera on the subject, cock the shutter and press the shutter button. After taking the picture, press the film release button and advance the film for the next picture.<br /><br />To unload the camera, turn the advance/rewind button to "R" and turn the rewind knob until the film is wound back into the cassette. Unlatch the back and remove the old cassette.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIzpOgmszj3o-AuiY3xkOSwMv_ZTdyvt9vQn1O5fR7GgthL41zGAm04xlxgoxLVFoyMg5vm7GnlcdwTAw8FLG3r6E0OpKNJXoxPq0-pvFpWz_a1r7WHARVGfj7ZnTNikjK78Up8ChBQqCMSzs_biF1E5oogc9ItIzz6q7PI4DVg0-YPPErR45ifnHR0g=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiIzpOgmszj3o-AuiY3xkOSwMv_ZTdyvt9vQn1O5fR7GgthL41zGAm04xlxgoxLVFoyMg5vm7GnlcdwTAw8FLG3r6E0OpKNJXoxPq0-pvFpWz_a1r7WHARVGfj7ZnTNikjK78Up8ChBQqCMSzs_biF1E5oogc9ItIzz6q7PI4DVg0-YPPErR45ifnHR0g=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The flasholder uses three AA batteries and takes 5 or 25 bayonet base flashbulbs, or M miniature base bulbs using an adapter. The shutter syncs with flashbulbs at 1/25 second. A modern electronic flash adapter is available.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgx-XASET7jf7upLraV8Z3ViB_w7fgf2D0uWKoL3FfHaCwTCf2j0M3U34k0F-kdiPHGdBqOOJ0-gMaWG03g1vKhKkNqwfB3wmJd-6E_5QEQILFl90-d12mXvjxG7Kfvc9GBkcrUK7RjRHv3TDDycgD-0FeufSod2va8Hs6Dru1pjeWDJbA8TJji5hISZA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgx-XASET7jf7upLraV8Z3ViB_w7fgf2D0uWKoL3FfHaCwTCf2j0M3U34k0F-kdiPHGdBqOOJ0-gMaWG03g1vKhKkNqwfB3wmJd-6E_5QEQILFl90-d12mXvjxG7Kfvc9GBkcrUK7RjRHv3TDDycgD-0FeufSod2va8Hs6Dru1pjeWDJbA8TJji5hISZA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>Series V drop-in filters fit the combination lens hood/filter holder. There also were available pairs of push-on haze filters for daylight film, flash filters for using tungsten balanced film with clear flashbulbs, and color correction filters for tungsten balanced film in daylight.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjF0dqVDeOcmhuwq3Yx6-MG8tzim_q1qPByJkYXDVgq5pg2J5_GUZA1GM0U8e2q-4Q2YkWvxtBtjqVOH1CE12NpWOcgjLH5H6ld3jB37joxmmNaUnVdeMPM3uVp9bFxLw4gsl_7JZ32Gh__tdR3EGHGcpiWd7EBeLUCmWdKm7RD8ZKUcCRQdoQmGoY34w=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjF0dqVDeOcmhuwq3Yx6-MG8tzim_q1qPByJkYXDVgq5pg2J5_GUZA1GM0U8e2q-4Q2YkWvxtBtjqVOH1CE12NpWOcgjLH5H6ld3jB37joxmmNaUnVdeMPM3uVp9bFxLw4gsl_7JZ32Gh__tdR3EGHGcpiWd7EBeLUCmWdKm7RD8ZKUcCRQdoQmGoY34w=w400-h300" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiO70C_CfsDGd7-QpkKaZWcyq-Dy29KbCQ4bp-ZAeGnMMRPCEEzwmxHPYfgQ3Mz7vtQRXumd9WiaO59WNCkRbGmBTFgsUzqVC4nJ9tPXrabGGf-U9CfYDFHb-3D8qNna675HUvz1PRGqZD2xFrB6NE-sF-nrRz8YBu46IpevE5n0g_LesLbEYufuSLGYw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiO70C_CfsDGd7-QpkKaZWcyq-Dy29KbCQ4bp-ZAeGnMMRPCEEzwmxHPYfgQ3Mz7vtQRXumd9WiaO59WNCkRbGmBTFgsUzqVC4nJ9tPXrabGGf-U9CfYDFHb-3D8qNna675HUvz1PRGqZD2xFrB6NE-sF-nrRz8YBu46IpevE5n0g_LesLbEYufuSLGYw=w400-h300" /></a></div><div><br /></div>The film identifier was a gadget that let you shoot a picture of a 1-3/8 in. square card with information about that roll of film. The identifier slipped over the left-hand lens of the Realist. A positive lens in the identifier put the card in focus. An image of the card appeared on the otherwise wasted frame between the first and second stereo pairs at the start of the roll.<br /><br />The Stereo Realist was made for 35mm Kodachrome slide film, which debuted in 1936. At the time Kodak had a monopoly on developing Kodachrome film, which required an specialized development process. Customers could have their film developed by Kodak and mounted in Realist 4 in. x 1-5/8 in slides by David White Co. or a dealer. Kodachrome is long gone, but the camera does have a wide enough range of settings for current Ektachrome or Velvia film. Stereo slide mounting is no longer commercially available. For do it yourself slide mounting I like to use the plastic slide mounts available on eBay from 3d-drt-3d. Transparencies can be viewed in a stereo slide viewer or projected. As an alternative to transparencies, you could use negative film and mount prints on stereo cards for viewing with a parlor stereoscopic viewer.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgx8s7zeBpclmmX4UwmLXIe9mgQUzRDTGu_kSpmcpSXV6EqsNlBTybBOvusgQRDJdGvt4T5XT4x8ZkH9D4t3eB9gQs8H1Ie2iPEednzAuxIYUQS116YwJT6EMfTOK8-1cSrjiiJFtyh1C3k12BJgjXBWxVRg9oNEkVFFxxDiQ7Oqs6PbBR2JbywtKlJfA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgx8s7zeBpclmmX4UwmLXIe9mgQUzRDTGu_kSpmcpSXV6EqsNlBTybBOvusgQRDJdGvt4T5XT4x8ZkH9D4t3eB9gQs8H1Ie2iPEednzAuxIYUQS116YwJT6EMfTOK8-1cSrjiiJFtyh1C3k12BJgjXBWxVRg9oNEkVFFxxDiQ7Oqs6PbBR2JbywtKlJfA=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The stereo illusion is supposed to be strongest using the smallest aperture allowed by the available light in order to have the greatest of field, and with the nearest object about 2 meters or 7 feet in front of the camera. The camera needs to be level. Because the Realist has sharp edges, it is more comfortable to hold when it is in its leather case. <br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-68775164660043959442021-12-10T16:26:00.007-08:002022-12-04T20:00:35.510-08:00Minolta 110 Zoom SLR Mark II (1981-)Minolta released an updated version of the 110 Zoom SLR (<a href="https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2020/08/minolta-110-zoom-slr-1976-1979.html" target="_blank">https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2020/08/minolta-110-zoom-slr-1976-1979.html</a>) in 1981. This model looks just like a small 35 mm SLR camera. According to a review in the March, 1981, issue of Popular Photography, the list price was $342 (not cheap). This example has the all lower case "minolta" on the nameplate. Later examples have the all upper case "MINOLTA" with the barred circle logo instead of an "O".<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCPa6jXjmVPB2CcrWkaK1RGLETa_oExX5ZPufKDl8Ht_fO4AOSHnT9x7TjSegZ3qlFUPPEvgchDJqHg90Tezt9AuyOpbWPn2MYPgPV3Xa9bhTv6Jb0RkKoglCaF53sc1Y6digeeijTYJk9QruIiO_GdgsaWNIIx0GHWe-CSdTDXESSl_AMOaiRr9xGUw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCPa6jXjmVPB2CcrWkaK1RGLETa_oExX5ZPufKDl8Ht_fO4AOSHnT9x7TjSegZ3qlFUPPEvgchDJqHg90Tezt9AuyOpbWPn2MYPgPV3Xa9bhTv6Jb0RkKoglCaF53sc1Y6digeeijTYJk9QruIiO_GdgsaWNIIx0GHWe-CSdTDXESSl_AMOaiRr9xGUw=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The top of the camera has the aperture and exposure compensation dial, the hot shoe, the exposure mode dial, the shutter release and the battery check/self-timer dial. The lens has the focusing ring, the zoom ring and the macro mode switch.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIm4TdlSu4kapMFE2RcDqmdKReleUuHjxGIR03J9dbkF6gS4NJh_TMJaDklArwLauymhJkl7lJ3v0FLKh8M_NG_glbLRx7NM8sH7OkTaiKIgwZzYpSo5y6_2kcbUzjCZCau8Zf9snx7dJc6qAWIN1YtfJc0LLZzV9U91rTVnDjYtFvN9TqnVx2GBhA5g=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIm4TdlSu4kapMFE2RcDqmdKReleUuHjxGIR03J9dbkF6gS4NJh_TMJaDklArwLauymhJkl7lJ3v0FLKh8M_NG_glbLRx7NM8sH7OkTaiKIgwZzYpSo5y6_2kcbUzjCZCau8Zf9snx7dJc6qAWIN1YtfJc0LLZzV9U91rTVnDjYtFvN9TqnVx2GBhA5g=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The bottom of the camera has the battery compartment, the tripod socket and the film advance lever.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPqe614GPwYA2MaUWaaU87DYX7TlQuqzYv6UlhUPfaqZiCMDDMXw_4cam0qXGkslpPUO2aTciTnrGAqAg0o5dFxkmGJqOL-xcBIs6RpbnUkcZ_F5dsLoP0hOgBXYW-8vvtaaS5PxRtAbyUYrnONN2Lbb_Ma7499mP0kWIg2Stew645QkY1RQG6cg_sAA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhPqe614GPwYA2MaUWaaU87DYX7TlQuqzYv6UlhUPfaqZiCMDDMXw_4cam0qXGkslpPUO2aTciTnrGAqAg0o5dFxkmGJqOL-xcBIs6RpbnUkcZ_F5dsLoP0hOgBXYW-8vvtaaS5PxRtAbyUYrnONN2Lbb_Ma7499mP0kWIg2Stew645QkY1RQG6cg_sAA=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The front of the camera has the battery check/self-timer LED.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2Z_TYDmY2LzEke7QWhaJYDlkWpuhM7ExZ0CsXNspISVnmK82rgXEjptOzhqZh5-H_INs1o6I2Xkgpadu5n0HGGO5JBNq5kMVVXZasOXeWXsdShGmlRbzwSX-uSvidSOwpO7NIaoWYGuOiKhUwL2IAaLj5zR4_EZ0hN2OfDysZ6p5Fhs8lUM89yb0mUw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2Z_TYDmY2LzEke7QWhaJYDlkWpuhM7ExZ0CsXNspISVnmK82rgXEjptOzhqZh5-H_INs1o6I2Xkgpadu5n0HGGO5JBNq5kMVVXZasOXeWXsdShGmlRbzwSX-uSvidSOwpO7NIaoWYGuOiKhUwL2IAaLj5zR4_EZ0hN2OfDysZ6p5Fhs8lUM89yb0mUw=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The back of the camera has the eyepiece cover lever, the eyepiece diopter adjustment slider, the film door and its latch.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpCNGHMl3tyQQwfXyvYE5m4VAcFPu87YDtGaWP1n51pg_Ea05af8a7AYMnbIJGfjHcXGFpxfLOrPgYUjlkcIZFlFBCUCGcWKbl54FogbkHFKWp3hsmjyhQ6E2FMooVE6ctoqdV1p_UrFrpJOoDAgv1KHFd6WLZQpXulFL8nhNRGykDltFCKpgEgYs9RQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpCNGHMl3tyQQwfXyvYE5m4VAcFPu87YDtGaWP1n51pg_Ea05af8a7AYMnbIJGfjHcXGFpxfLOrPgYUjlkcIZFlFBCUCGcWKbl54FogbkHFKWp3hsmjyhQ6E2FMooVE6ctoqdV1p_UrFrpJOoDAgv1KHFd6WLZQpXulFL8nhNRGykDltFCKpgEgYs9RQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />The left side is pretty plain, with only a strap lug.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwj-LrlNbT_eQ4fA9qbENOg6uO1q76ittzCJxMbQW-ZEP7zYKZIwIOv-l4IhlSHDIviw8v57o4m1cpo4To0hqEwoqMrU_ODGZtpWrI8JRLz7s1G05kl455ZxFpD9Ij4NC7gQhnSsk41ln013PH2-WubJW9L46MKv8Gopbctnqe0xCbZ8lTGtdDpswKqw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjwj-LrlNbT_eQ4fA9qbENOg6uO1q76ittzCJxMbQW-ZEP7zYKZIwIOv-l4IhlSHDIviw8v57o4m1cpo4To0hqEwoqMrU_ODGZtpWrI8JRLz7s1G05kl455ZxFpD9Ij4NC7gQhnSsk41ln013PH2-WubJW9L46MKv8Gopbctnqe0xCbZ8lTGtdDpswKqw=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />A hand grip and strap lug are on the right side.<br /><br />The lens is an f/3.5-f/16 25-67 mm zoom (equivalent to 50-135 mm on a 35 mm camera). The zoom ring is marked at 25, 30, 40, 50 and 67 mm. Apertures are set by a knob on the top of the camera. Apertures are marked at f/3.5, 4, 5.6, 8, 11 and 16. Click stops are at 1/2 stop intervals. The mormal close focusing distance is 1.1 meters (3 ft. 7 in.). With the macro function engaged the lens will focus from 200 mm to 890 mm (8 to 35 inches) to give 0.19x to 0.07x magnification. The lens has 12 elements in 10 groups, plus a macro focusing element that swings in when the macro function is engaged by moving the slider on the top of the lens.<br /><br />The exposure mode is set by the dial on the top right of the camera. Functions are lock ("L"), auto ("A"), flash ("X"), and bulb ("B"). The lock setting turns off the camera and locks the shutter release. The auto setting lets the camera automatically set the shutter speed from 1/1000 second to 1/4 second according to the light level and film speed. The film speed is sensed by a feeler that reads a tab on the film cartridge and can be either "slow" (about 100) or "fast" (about 400). Flash mode sets the shutter to 1/125 second to sync with electronic flash. Bulb mode holds the shutter open for as long as the shutter button is depressed. The shutter button is threaded for a cable release. Pushing the BC-ST switch to the right starts the self timer. The LED flashes while the self timer is running. Pushing the switch to the left checks the battery. The LED lights to show that the battery has enough power.<br /><br />The viewfinder has a split image focusing aid. Shutter speeds are displayed on the left for 1/1000, 1/500, 1/250, 1/125 and 1/60-1/4 second. Small triangles light at the top or bottom to show over exposure or too low a shutter speed. An eyepiece blind is provided to block stray light from coming through the eyepiece when using the self timer. The eyepiece can be focused for -1.1 to +0.8 diopter correction by a slider above the eyepiece. Stronger clip-in correction lenses were available in the range -4 to +3 diopters.<br /><br />110 film comes in plastic drop-in cartridges. The cartridge only fits one way. The film advance is by the lever on the bottom left of the camera. The film advance stops automatically at the next picture. When the roll in finished you wind the film all the way onto the take up spool and send the cartridge the lab.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiBvwnF5R-7b7M3eeWmTSvrJtoSt6-QiICFCsALOv67HNI-VX-0-VFLr0hK4A5eYtyQeXgaEbC50GCd96iU2SHC8BK07bX90s0cmiu9SXZo3Zr8AECWFSHvYm_ETA8QJxVLxOYWaxEIlataU3c7MrE8oTP1Xn9DEUvivJ2Vjr4skYB-c9-gMLrepVm3hw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiBvwnF5R-7b7M3eeWmTSvrJtoSt6-QiICFCsALOv67HNI-VX-0-VFLr0hK4A5eYtyQeXgaEbC50GCd96iU2SHC8BK07bX90s0cmiu9SXZo3Zr8AECWFSHvYm_ETA8QJxVLxOYWaxEIlataU3c7MrE8oTP1Xn9DEUvivJ2Vjr4skYB-c9-gMLrepVm3hw=w400-h300" /></a></div><br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiduHeawApqWABPDk6eeRpfWuczkJj8JHllDC73zOt-Xi4y2IXahlfsZe_aLjvUtvKFbLbn8m5rHYjqiIYZPQD2IIpio0HN25xu05DQD_InAqFLVfs2vDFPMNpzFkCX5KTlfJk2pBIBzFPTBydwFTjppOKGXyVN4eZ-1va5GAEDlH2YugROlfJECoCplg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiduHeawApqWABPDk6eeRpfWuczkJj8JHllDC73zOt-Xi4y2IXahlfsZe_aLjvUtvKFbLbn8m5rHYjqiIYZPQD2IIpio0HN25xu05DQD_InAqFLVfs2vDFPMNpzFkCX5KTlfJk2pBIBzFPTBydwFTjppOKGXyVN4eZ-1va5GAEDlH2YugROlfJECoCplg=w400-h300" /></a></div><br />Minolta made the Auto 118X flash to go with the 110 Zoom Mk II. The flash had one automatic range for 100 speed film and another for 400 speed film. There also was a manual, full power, setting. On manual the flash had a guide number of 18 meters (59 feet) with 100 speed film. When the flash was turned on and ready to fire, an extra contact in the hot shoe received the flash ready signal to automatically switch the shutter speed to the 1/125 X-sync setting and light a flash ready LED in the viewfinder.. The manual X-sync setting on the camera was for use with flashes that did not have the dedicated flash ready signal.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-32987135394161255902021-11-30T10:14:00.008-08:002022-12-04T05:52:55.883-08:00Minolta 110 Zoom SLR (1976-1979)The Minolta 110 Zoom SLR is an aperture priority auto exposure, zoom lens camera for sub miniature size 110 film. It was made from 1976 to 1979 and was the first single lens reflex camera for 110 film. The list price was about $200 - $250. This was not a cheap camera.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitZXh4jucs_CQVHysjpETkgu_xKeN6_DDKeV2VGtESeLNwhkXjVWRAdvTgWViSg7HWM68HGdcBuHYdBs5BKPjMrXhfJ-iSUYRcz4MQGPXOOHNrl40ZJBP36136Xh8YXk-2I44Kmoob3LMi4ZJVdMKILi8CnZ8dlvYaTRXAI0jv3706v1WDQoMtKtJC-w=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEitZXh4jucs_CQVHysjpETkgu_xKeN6_DDKeV2VGtESeLNwhkXjVWRAdvTgWViSg7HWM68HGdcBuHYdBs5BKPjMrXhfJ-iSUYRcz4MQGPXOOHNrl40ZJBP36136Xh8YXk-2I44Kmoob3LMi4ZJVdMKILi8CnZ8dlvYaTRXAI0jv3706v1WDQoMtKtJC-w=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjzCzNMs-389o9jyWK16c3HxfB0leRK8ZLQrvGrT4r_WJrU4_LeaFS41oOnQeK-E5PP5KQgZ-fMv_wxd9XLtdHtUGse-BpYQ1PB3tPW8dbzT-BU-XaGfcgtHl_PuSWB2QffIa6Z_Ga5DuXiGShMRYl9cc480ahe8L4KjFIZx2N1LDfdwcRP-gljKLr41g=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjzCzNMs-389o9jyWK16c3HxfB0leRK8ZLQrvGrT4r_WJrU4_LeaFS41oOnQeK-E5PP5KQgZ-fMv_wxd9XLtdHtUGse-BpYQ1PB3tPW8dbzT-BU-XaGfcgtHl_PuSWB2QffIa6Z_Ga5DuXiGShMRYl9cc480ahe8L4KjFIZx2N1LDfdwcRP-gljKLr41g=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiWbDU5GKsZBlMgGHzcWfO9KWjlwNKQ8qf0Csp7b3aaK19c-wrSoVqmGE43XgimOQ8J4-hnofc1ZctJ4IDwMyO7rCEQTJWSrtkmVHEiAh_pGBdnv0eJaHlwKGriN9fLHO9YChta2_MYWXqfVO8O4rpiiD-8zt3BqR2TFyt1llayQ6abFNNYYnSkTdG-wg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiWbDU5GKsZBlMgGHzcWfO9KWjlwNKQ8qf0Csp7b3aaK19c-wrSoVqmGE43XgimOQ8J4-hnofc1ZctJ4IDwMyO7rCEQTJWSrtkmVHEiAh_pGBdnv0eJaHlwKGriN9fLHO9YChta2_MYWXqfVO8O4rpiiD-8zt3BqR2TFyt1llayQ6abFNNYYnSkTdG-wg=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgA8OoT6S0ggBIjCULsVE_9tsMpbCr0KIVGpMIesPZSNIMlGMCbXiJ8tL6iu7TT58vuAA4ALJmkney0aW0AU_R61lzpaS3yg50Q3ySBCka_D77xrnPndFJPGFiyAn18G3LyPfQxf1QPhsLeEMkKppXAC_PZvxtmwvslquITQZiOLNWf3o_Yiyy8lWQo8g=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgA8OoT6S0ggBIjCULsVE_9tsMpbCr0KIVGpMIesPZSNIMlGMCbXiJ8tL6iu7TT58vuAA4ALJmkney0aW0AU_R61lzpaS3yg50Q3ySBCka_D77xrnPndFJPGFiyAn18G3LyPfQxf1QPhsLeEMkKppXAC_PZvxtmwvslquITQZiOLNWf3o_Yiyy8lWQo8g=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTn-JLKRIR1u49R-DHj0GbJ-9R9L0B7i6RgHcC1LFac2JLToj-MbaittAzhNcS65yK-P0en7oTEseWrht27abC1nnoGmdZyS6FVX2ulF8pzgM-9hjBQ-qpC-zt_vVMi0pb9U3pFaCQ1FP43kgLkVkT1BzqbOXxJtgPSy_-S8HHgnSAsaxwQXnwUIpikA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjTn-JLKRIR1u49R-DHj0GbJ-9R9L0B7i6RgHcC1LFac2JLToj-MbaittAzhNcS65yK-P0en7oTEseWrht27abC1nnoGmdZyS6FVX2ulF8pzgM-9hjBQ-qpC-zt_vVMi0pb9U3pFaCQ1FP43kgLkVkT1BzqbOXxJtgPSy_-S8HHgnSAsaxwQXnwUIpikA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh76wXwP_4_DZMDmFItUKuy9c_MMXcZhcNKHS4Skz9zPhK-S3ZgI8J9Tk5NIAbDbcundh0NuMOjoPgWsw1vwIqXyaPkPrm8dtzFKw67NVHNfIs92KWCIGTJTQz42A8I2JQXHYgtII0sarVUNTMdvZGGDmzBFYTuNk5TK6-wvFICFhcDlTgsFNVau2gB3g=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh76wXwP_4_DZMDmFItUKuy9c_MMXcZhcNKHS4Skz9zPhK-S3ZgI8J9Tk5NIAbDbcundh0NuMOjoPgWsw1vwIqXyaPkPrm8dtzFKw67NVHNfIs92KWCIGTJTQz42A8I2JQXHYgtII0sarVUNTMdvZGGDmzBFYTuNk5TK6-wvFICFhcDlTgsFNVau2gB3g=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>The camera has the typical "ice cream sandwich" shape of a 110 camera with the addition of the lens barrel in front and a hump on top for the viewfinder. The camera uses two 1.5 V silver oxide SR76 dry cells. The top of the camera has the shutter mode selection dial, the flash shoe, the battery test button, the exposure compensation slide switch, the shutter button (threaded for a cable release) and the shutter lock. The front of the camera has the aperture selection dial and CdS light meter cell. The film advance lever is on the bottom. The tripod socket is on the left side and the battery compartment is on the right. The strap lugs are on the left and right. The back of the camera has the film door and window. The picture number and film cartridge label are visible through the window.<br /><br />The lens is an f/4.5-f/16 25 mm-50 mm zoom macro (roughly equivalent to a 50 mm - 100 mm zoom on a 35 mm camera) with 10 elements in 10 groups. The zoom ring on the lens is marked for 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm, 40 mm, 50 mm and macro. The lens focuses as close as 1 meter in the normal focusing range. An 11th lens element moves into place when you turn the zoom ring to the macro setting and the camera then focuses from 30.7 cm to 28.6 cm. The lens takes 40.5 mm screw-on filters. The aperture is manually set by a dial surrounding the CdS light sensor.<br /><br />A dial sets the exposure mode to "A" (auto), "X" (flash) or "B" (bulb). The dial has a silver latch button to prevent accidentally turning the dial. In auto mode a feeler inside the camera engages a tab on the film cartridge to set the film speed to low (about ISO 100) or high (about ISO 400) and the shutter is electronically timed from 10 seconds to 1/1000 second. Plus or minus 1 to 2 stops of exposure compensation is provided for unusual lighting conditions. In flash mode the shutter is set at 1/150 second. In bulb mode the shutter is open as long as the shutter release is pressed. Flash mode and bulb mode will work without battery power. In a pinch, if the battery runs out exposures can be made outdoors without an electronic flash by setting the mode to "X" and setting the aperture manually for 1/150 second shutter speed. For example, f/11 with 100 speed film on a sunny day.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDGs5Ho9PIypqExZfFz9vf1AycHfc3PKkLOrAJ4hY724Xg4g_aWxJO-m41Sikx0iq83w0apAAV2P_pBUF-ohzZd55SnLP9w7nDBJCTI2cLmAieDvzLDFqKDmvIiLeUjWen8WR1XT8JncL_UH8K40PMgHUBgaSeOjsPkw7mkbW48yzZ0EwgGX5rhf-wFw=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhDGs5Ho9PIypqExZfFz9vf1AycHfc3PKkLOrAJ4hY724Xg4g_aWxJO-m41Sikx0iq83w0apAAV2P_pBUF-ohzZd55SnLP9w7nDBJCTI2cLmAieDvzLDFqKDmvIiLeUjWen8WR1XT8JncL_UH8K40PMgHUBgaSeOjsPkw7mkbW48yzZ0EwgGX5rhf-wFw=w400-h300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmZgefzTrypd7QIt7rqQkCvMydTBCCUYbm2GaEhOgtL-d2Ti7WmNo0VkDghgvWbkCIqOas-2hvX2LARlJDVf8Zff8STjwDEdspqsWJQKt4LonBSUuhB71IFeCXnJU2vODoPu1CxRCdIFxj6K-eC-R5l10Oqw2FbD6MhoOMgY2jW4n-yL3TDNgr0lh-LQ=s4032" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmZgefzTrypd7QIt7rqQkCvMydTBCCUYbm2GaEhOgtL-d2Ti7WmNo0VkDghgvWbkCIqOas-2hvX2LARlJDVf8Zff8STjwDEdspqsWJQKt4LonBSUuhB71IFeCXnJU2vODoPu1CxRCdIFxj6K-eC-R5l10Oqw2FbD6MhoOMgY2jW4n-yL3TDNgr0lh-LQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"></div><br />The shutter syncs with electronic flash at 1/150 second. The camera will not work with flash bulbs. A companion Minolta Auto 25 electronic flash unit was available. A switch on the front of the Auto 25 can be set for manual flash or automatic flash and there is an exposure calculator dial on the back. With flash the exposure depends on the distance to the subject, the power of the flash and the aperture of the lens. The guide number with 100 speed film is 25 meters (82 feet) at the manual flash setting. Guide number divided by subject distance gives the aperture setting for flash. With automatic flash the flash power is controlled by a photocell on the flash unit. The lens aperture is set according to the film speed, for example f/5.6 for 100 speed film or f/11 for 400 speed film. The automatic flash range on the Auto 25 is 0.7 to 4.5 meters (2.3 to 15 feet). The flash unit takes 2 AA dry cells. It will work with any camera having a standard hot shoe.<br /><br />The viewfinder has a microprism focusing spot in the center, a red overexposure warning light and a yellow warning light for shutter speeds longer than 1/50 second. The magnification is roughly 0.55x with the lens at 25 mm and 1.1x at 50 mm. Because zooming the lens in the normal range does not affect focus, you can zoom to 50 mm for critical focusing and zoom back to 25 mm or any intermediate focal length. <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsQFmfkjqqeV94jpCi7ECA74ZSF58ATPDFwHKYS5Z6jBrP_XEG1XLLe4qPZzlEZkRy15xGNEHnOC6uJ8AFzXMsBf7Ld8crLNIOKlzdg2n4hbtI8qPt4b6tXdwD-_pQEX0I7rS0Fi_fGfdINkfP9GRwlsztQ-TE1j4pwVVoAC400MhU2LBDevtRgDMwhg=s881" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhsQFmfkjqqeV94jpCi7ECA74ZSF58ATPDFwHKYS5Z6jBrP_XEG1XLLe4qPZzlEZkRy15xGNEHnOC6uJ8AFzXMsBf7Ld8crLNIOKlzdg2n4hbtI8qPt4b6tXdwD-_pQEX0I7rS0Fi_fGfdINkfP9GRwlsztQ-TE1j4pwVVoAC400MhU2LBDevtRgDMwhg=w400-h260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: start;">Light path through the camera.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhJi0rGKtO1nzSTH7eXEdGpzXlOEmPXgibOYkVSs8EGdniqtwBtEw-0CPVS7ZI3NngFPzCghiu3KdcfiMEWfQ0Z3lqSVgbAb4fcdhebB-vAsz8Vbam4yM-D-nrlcVVW_EzyvyMEucqqvesMpb1Nf4BX6S6yuo7kLJqjVtrgYNbX3JRdUXB7GaNhwxD9rQ=s1004"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhJi0rGKtO1nzSTH7eXEdGpzXlOEmPXgibOYkVSs8EGdniqtwBtEw-0CPVS7ZI3NngFPzCghiu3KdcfiMEWfQ0Z3lqSVgbAb4fcdhebB-vAsz8Vbam4yM-D-nrlcVVW_EzyvyMEucqqvesMpb1Nf4BX6S6yuo7kLJqjVtrgYNbX3JRdUXB7GaNhwxD9rQ=w399-h400" /></a></div><br />The dashed outline shows the extra macro lens element.<br /><br />Negatives in 110 format are 13 mm high by 17 mm wide on 16 mm film and should be able to produce good prints at least 5" x 7". Fresh Lomography 110 film is widely available and expired, but cold stored, Fukkatsu (Japanese for "revival") 110 film is available from the Film Photography Project.<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-53997007923220115582021-11-25T19:35:00.008-08:002022-12-04T05:58:49.479-08:00Perfex Forty four (1939-1941)The Candid Camera Corp. of America brought out the Perfex Forty-Four a year after the Perfex Speed Candid (<a href="https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2019/09/perfex-speed-candid-1938-1939.html">https://fourelementsinthreegroups.blogspot.com/2019/09/perfex-speed-candid-1938-1939.html</a>). The Forty-four weighed 1 lb 8 oz without film. It was about 5-1/2 inches wide, 3-1/4 inches tall and 2-3/4 inches deep. The advertised list price was $47.50 (equivalent to nearly 1,000 depreciated 2021 dollars).<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg47-LJennFsw7pvzoezNMBPFAbpEcxSEB8a7-6a1X75nsWckCGSU3bXOaN0X2KEWSM4GLmDKB_-MlqtcMTWUyTXNw83XSal6AAZh3etfiEM33vNqPzkXYXke4JLAI6e7O5Lo9lpXJ-TJqy/s2048/P8130001.JPG"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg47-LJennFsw7pvzoezNMBPFAbpEcxSEB8a7-6a1X75nsWckCGSU3bXOaN0X2KEWSM4GLmDKB_-MlqtcMTWUyTXNw83XSal6AAZh3etfiEM33vNqPzkXYXke4JLAI6e7O5Lo9lpXJ-TJqy/w400-h300/P8130001.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Front</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFsCIqVcA1FQzz9abDivqwDH8vhmKiuhP47yZEulnDZEpDBRPcIsxdJ_XxHwrldp40E7QxxkN3KUKqXrusj1GSPgWe2Tv0Z5s0LU-AB0SKUi_Ocd2GxDG-qCQhvnaKeozUwWiwbQQ7Grad/s2048/P8130003.JPG"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFsCIqVcA1FQzz9abDivqwDH8vhmKiuhP47yZEulnDZEpDBRPcIsxdJ_XxHwrldp40E7QxxkN3KUKqXrusj1GSPgWe2Tv0Z5s0LU-AB0SKUi_Ocd2GxDG-qCQhvnaKeozUwWiwbQQ7Grad/w400-h300/P8130003.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Back</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfAOp-zSU1HW4VWlRuHltI2o-QuvliTssYTwqIJBpK_nFsD80gU_9mUKBlejD9Tge5D0NMajUU-jUbB1E72nKi8OXbpDUzpPJUl4eoUbCdmiN2AKMSC50fRCxlnr0TcJ3e1U0cA9nKvASJ/s2048/P8130004.JPG"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfAOp-zSU1HW4VWlRuHltI2o-QuvliTssYTwqIJBpK_nFsD80gU_9mUKBlejD9Tge5D0NMajUU-jUbB1E72nKi8OXbpDUzpPJUl4eoUbCdmiN2AKMSC50fRCxlnr0TcJ3e1U0cA9nKvASJ/w400-h300/P8130004.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Top</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGl5KI3apyRQESgJzQIX-o3-ZwZAX0Nie9LMJILFMdNrA094e9FFEnwUAp10ry5DL7rEiNnFEMSQCPT4haN7uPdf04dhXeChyxtp70U6qPToS7oUHSEwnsSz6qRDRmKMckd030FwQchX5l/s2048/P8130005.JPG"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGl5KI3apyRQESgJzQIX-o3-ZwZAX0Nie9LMJILFMdNrA094e9FFEnwUAp10ry5DL7rEiNnFEMSQCPT4haN7uPdf04dhXeChyxtp70U6qPToS7oUHSEwnsSz6qRDRmKMckd030FwQchX5l/w400-h300/P8130005.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Bottom</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZxKQcQi9AUEaIqqIbDrUFm1g_bmLIYhHI1RMkMYGPUMgzRX0GKa8916d2IszSad89e_KIc2RUuCicP_px_BBl9KbglizTSy7Tex50i2TUNPJmGqaE8ZYmO_fsAvK4W2XBRXk_T2oamVaN/s2048/P8130006.JPG"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZxKQcQi9AUEaIqqIbDrUFm1g_bmLIYhHI1RMkMYGPUMgzRX0GKa8916d2IszSad89e_KIc2RUuCicP_px_BBl9KbglizTSy7Tex50i2TUNPJmGqaE8ZYmO_fsAvK4W2XBRXk_T2oamVaN/w400-h300/P8130006.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Interior of Back</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_5a7mKSFufCgmvbFdcO4QJScWw59ogP3rWKj1zA4KRQbAaLbMEu6cwhyphenhyphenk9lQ_2bZjEtTyOnP6htCIYg1aetLGJz8KsPtevYeoL_MuC4EBv2L_d8SNbBfQDNZeWmNI9_1pvH-UIeZRAki/s2048/P8130007.JPG"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4_5a7mKSFufCgmvbFdcO4QJScWw59ogP3rWKj1zA4KRQbAaLbMEu6cwhyphenhyphenk9lQ_2bZjEtTyOnP6htCIYg1aetLGJz8KsPtevYeoL_MuC4EBv2L_d8SNbBfQDNZeWmNI9_1pvH-UIeZRAki/w400-h300/P8130007.JPG" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;">Interior of Body</div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>The uncoated f/2.8-f/22, 5.0 cm Scienar Perfex Anastigmat lens on this camera was made by General Scientific Corp., Chicago. Illinois. The lens is interchangeable using a roughly 1-1/2 inch diameter screw mount. The instruction manual for the Forty-four mentions 4-inch (102mm) and 6-inch (152mm) telephoto lenses, and extension tubes for macro photography.<br /><br />The Forty-Four has a cloth focal plane shutter. Shutter speeds were 1/1250, 1/500, 1/250, 1/100, 1/50 and 1/25 second plus “B” on the fast setting and 1/10, 1/5, 1/2 and 1 second on the slow setting. A lever on the front of the camera switched from fast speeds to slow speeds. On the fast speed setting the exposure was set by the gap between the first and second shutter curtains and the shutter curtains moved across the film at a constant rate. The slow speed exposures were controlled by a clockwork delay that released the second shutter curtain a split second after the first curtain had fully passed the film gate. The shutter button was in the center of the shutter speed dial. A threaded attachment let you use a cable release.<br /><br />The range finder eyepiece is to the left of the viewing eyepiece. A lever transfers the position of the lens to a moving mirror in the range finder. The mirror reflects an image of the object to the bottom half of the range finder eyepiece. The top half of the range finder shows the direct view of the object. The two halves line up when the lens is focused on the object.<br /><br />The viewfinder is a reverse galilean finder with a front concave lens and a rear convex lens. The viewfinder reduces the scene by about three times, like looking the wrong way through a spy glass.<br /><br />An extinction light meter is built in. The extinction meter has a strip of exposed and developed film with a graduated density and a calculator dial on the back of the camera. You look at the scene through the film strip and pick out the darkest patch with a legible letter. Using the dial you match the letter with the lens opening and the film speed with the shutter setting. The film speeds are the Weston film speeds that were provided by the Weston Electric Instrument Corp. ASA film speeds were not adopted until this camera was out of production.<br /><br />The flash hot shoe was one of the first to be provided on a camera and took a matching Perfex flash attachment.<br /><br />To load film you unlatch the two levers on the bottom of the camera and removed the back. The fresh film cartridge goes in the left side film chamber and the film leader attaches to the removable take-up spool in the right side film chamber. You need to keep the camera bottom up while loading so the take-up spool doesn't fall out. The rewind-advance lever on the front of the camera needs to be set to "T" for transport. You replace the back, advance the film three times, and set the film counter to zero.<br /><br />To unload the film you set the rewind lever to "R" for rewind and turn the rewind knob until all of the film is wound back into the cassette. You then unlatch the back and take out the film.<br /><br />The Perfex line was a rival to the much more popular Argus C3, but about twice as expensive, and Perfex was ultimately unsuccessful. Argus went on to sell more than two million C3 cameras.<br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-26752115347572302212021-11-23T16:00:00.008-08:002022-12-04T06:00:43.352-08:00Brownie Target Six-20The Brownie Target Six-20 was the last of the classic box Brownies. It debuted in 1946 and was discontinued in 1952. The list price was $3.50 in 1946, which was equivalent in purchasing power to about $50 in today's depreciated dollars.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg52qCt92T6JfT9T0oacFjOS523k90b2dpNrZyS7KFYA795l9HtJl3cWuC7xlT8QCTEJNyWyIzqre802p82Zqt9xfGq59T6m1uvkxk6bxcLXKvMrjBK2Z3pMor1QtOpdQ-_3EyprjFRYFdX_Am2-l0KPIc0wzp3Km4zKblsFfHQjYMhzHeRRvSFKRPpgg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg52qCt92T6JfT9T0oacFjOS523k90b2dpNrZyS7KFYA795l9HtJl3cWuC7xlT8QCTEJNyWyIzqre802p82Zqt9xfGq59T6m1uvkxk6bxcLXKvMrjBK2Z3pMor1QtOpdQ-_3EyprjFRYFdX_Am2-l0KPIc0wzp3Km4zKblsFfHQjYMhzHeRRvSFKRPpgg=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjm5pmMVlMgJxaZpiUdbGALQQN88G5JgkJBk9Ywwv9dDK0RUNGXu0N0PquB2cP1WIJYpLAoySV4Pk9GEDgdXn8Vk4fpQt80Vowbnsz3ZH2fNxs5k05jCd_HUL0B821cvZnW5nj_bEkonBv_ycU65I_v9hOlG1l0zJTpwDVRMSWXIN-Aa7gIwqEWLm9CMg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjm5pmMVlMgJxaZpiUdbGALQQN88G5JgkJBk9Ywwv9dDK0RUNGXu0N0PquB2cP1WIJYpLAoySV4Pk9GEDgdXn8Vk4fpQt80Vowbnsz3ZH2fNxs5k05jCd_HUL0B821cvZnW5nj_bEkonBv_ycU65I_v9hOlG1l0zJTpwDVRMSWXIN-Aa7gIwqEWLm9CMg=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1itffA-pAGGxnHo3-Ns92BuEST_usZBhioj9pQOQxOsSoqduzZdbtQX973IJqzzuoMEgCjXO4M8YEmNnaj3A7_fYviwO97IbRw9arayQIRpnsZhmBeOemLRMmh9IvKkXEUy6QylnT-vtrA5b7tB9YHU67WRAjDJfR6fUon3kvQei8A_RCmXBlEl-zoA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg1itffA-pAGGxnHo3-Ns92BuEST_usZBhioj9pQOQxOsSoqduzZdbtQX973IJqzzuoMEgCjXO4M8YEmNnaj3A7_fYviwO97IbRw9arayQIRpnsZhmBeOemLRMmh9IvKkXEUy6QylnT-vtrA5b7tB9YHU67WRAjDJfR6fUon3kvQei8A_RCmXBlEl-zoA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>This Brownie has a simple meniscus lens with two aperture stops, the "lens" in front of the shutter being only a flat piece of glass that helped keep dirt out of the camera. The shutter is a rotary shutter with an instant and time setting. The shutter opens when the shutter lever is moved down and is cocked when the shutter lever moves back up. This is different from the old Brownie shutter, which has a flip-flop action that opened the shutter every time the lever was moved. The single action of the Target versions of the Brownie reduced the chance of making an accidental double exposure, although there still is no automatic double exposure prevention. The two brilliant viewfinders let you take pictures in either portrait or landscape orientation. You space the pictures on the film by looking through the little red window at numbers printed on the backing paper. The camera has a slide you can pull out for time exposures, but no tripod socket. You have to put the camera on a stable chair or table to make a time exposure. The normal exposure is about 1/25 to 1/50 of a second. The shutter is not synchronized for flash. If you want to take a flash picture you need to use the open flash method. You put the camera on time, open the shutter, set off the flash, and then close the shutter. If you wanted a flash synchronized Brownie you bought the more expensive Flash Brownie. As the name of the camera implied, it took 620 film. It made eight 2-1/4" x 3-1/4" pictures on a roll of film. The next model Brownie was the molded plastic Brownie Hawkeye, which was a very popular camera.<br /> <br />This one says "Brownie Target Six-20" (the post-WWII name) on the faceplate, but "Target Brownie Six-20" (the pre-WWII name) on the cone.<br /><br /><br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4908897960519638446.post-53142329750841547242021-11-22T10:23:00.002-08:002022-12-04T06:03:31.403-08:00Kodak VR35 K14 Medalist (1986-1989)<p></p>The Kodak VR35 K14 Medalist was the top of a line of point-and-shoot 35 mm cameras that Eastman Kodak Company introduced in 1986 and discontinued in 1989. It was the first Kodak 35mm camera since the Kodak Motormatic 35R4 was discontinued in 1969. The list price was an expensive $240. In 1986 the cartridge loading Instamatic camera had pretty much run its course, Kodak was losing a patent fight with Polaroid over Kodamatic instant cameras, the Kodak Disc was a flop, and Advantix cameras were nearly 10 years away. A new camera was needed. The VR35s were made for Eastman Kodak Company by Chinon Industries, Nagano, Japan. Kodak had a close relationship with Chinon and bought the company in 2005. Chinon is now an independent firm again.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLoXQ2akhQlfaq3Mg0IKwoxKfncDrIF4vIKs0x9Aw513Z9ScZXhP9RC_wJsD6HzWeZFEBg04o80WX7zw-HTiY21SL2WrOUeSDxIF3j2ToAU-W7YgPiQAGs4-x9vGYrf5JxKqlGT90at4SF18N8sfSliZEY82cRgedvs6Y0UDN6fuBpGpmcyQPEqsxYNQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgLoXQ2akhQlfaq3Mg0IKwoxKfncDrIF4vIKs0x9Aw513Z9ScZXhP9RC_wJsD6HzWeZFEBg04o80WX7zw-HTiY21SL2WrOUeSDxIF3j2ToAU-W7YgPiQAGs4-x9vGYrf5JxKqlGT90at4SF18N8sfSliZEY82cRgedvs6Y0UDN6fuBpGpmcyQPEqsxYNQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCytFfa4gRdS9JEw0ARlLAZFPTur3RHkKgV9o65uUxOsXk7DMOzE5YndUZYTMagGfOfWnK3hVU9L7O9aMNmArJmkRCQhfXQaYYZ3ttjAevm3naLWX4_IUgRTfi4xIrU6bsvHgqfJxpZRbysL7nBmBXROzJPhf0jwY5P0YwrQvUrCDsvN8e7g5RHp6DkQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgCytFfa4gRdS9JEw0ARlLAZFPTur3RHkKgV9o65uUxOsXk7DMOzE5YndUZYTMagGfOfWnK3hVU9L7O9aMNmArJmkRCQhfXQaYYZ3ttjAevm3naLWX4_IUgRTfi4xIrU6bsvHgqfJxpZRbysL7nBmBXROzJPhf0jwY5P0YwrQvUrCDsvN8e7g5RHp6DkQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpQ7kzW4r2pkZocVUWEACSD2powoI1BeU-fn7Z_iRyqO1F-EWPEwYBMslatHDiX3D0ZA70vrvS-k6rCGiNcIqwxmKXxUQZCS3Vfbk5ZBhBBnY0bd6Tggce5JHeFGiAF0a2pvEjgV1uQCfIotPJJyj3USK1mQMG2L49zm8NyRJO5F2bVhPXvxqi1vT1vA=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhpQ7kzW4r2pkZocVUWEACSD2powoI1BeU-fn7Z_iRyqO1F-EWPEwYBMslatHDiX3D0ZA70vrvS-k6rCGiNcIqwxmKXxUQZCS3Vfbk5ZBhBBnY0bd6Tggce5JHeFGiAF0a2pvEjgV1uQCfIotPJJyj3USK1mQMG2L49zm8NyRJO5F2bVhPXvxqi1vT1vA=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEir9dC3AsdU5tS8BW5N5PBHlIueb6rPGjCmEkyh5-y1F3Z_TbcUXABm_ij3OzTcd_hvhN1PCQZaKYk8Eh5Y3OYH6IGJgDsSiDyqO48O20WLPzyW-MvWolo5O2OPonHV9LEDi46UDGlnJXIGIVsFI9Jh4SFugbgVsJ2CE2yg0QQOW6ZqldaaJv728ho4xg=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEir9dC3AsdU5tS8BW5N5PBHlIueb6rPGjCmEkyh5-y1F3Z_TbcUXABm_ij3OzTcd_hvhN1PCQZaKYk8Eh5Y3OYH6IGJgDsSiDyqO48O20WLPzyW-MvWolo5O2OPonHV9LEDi46UDGlnJXIGIVsFI9Jh4SFugbgVsJ2CE2yg0QQOW6ZqldaaJv728ho4xg=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgS2HYGgxypDv57Snb8qdeTEiBTawr2uEJjhEO-d8AW2DkAXCfUM_q-LXn5w7hXmWM9wV4-wTbWgb4wAClll00iiG_8zir7Eok9bhBz8qki2WngVzOesW9rM_JCBueXZ5788h8dlldRXVbsvKj8yO9yW4HdMxKv0TcyYGfzC0-KJL6g1um84DT8dD98Og=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgS2HYGgxypDv57Snb8qdeTEiBTawr2uEJjhEO-d8AW2DkAXCfUM_q-LXn5w7hXmWM9wV4-wTbWgb4wAClll00iiG_8zir7Eok9bhBz8qki2WngVzOesW9rM_JCBueXZ5788h8dlldRXVbsvKj8yO9yW4HdMxKv0TcyYGfzC0-KJL6g1um84DT8dD98Og=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiMXyKjFES9aaM2SwQa4s4ZVL54WECIgruj5t7SEM-MXeNIdXIP-Q0JjAoe90HeLshR0cd0kojyQzxq1PZe6Usy__VQVy57QxkdqJOWgGtOhONviiktKmVz9O9ZQap_iaaOV1gkv44NLNCnMDYwPBoBTxeR7SwD8cC3jHGOGqPUbz-5Fgde327P65X2IQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiMXyKjFES9aaM2SwQa4s4ZVL54WECIgruj5t7SEM-MXeNIdXIP-Q0JjAoe90HeLshR0cd0kojyQzxq1PZe6Usy__VQVy57QxkdqJOWgGtOhONviiktKmVz9O9ZQap_iaaOV1gkv44NLNCnMDYwPBoBTxeR7SwD8cC3jHGOGqPUbz-5Fgde327P65X2IQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcfXqNODfdP29s6Ta9p_qg0wpdihJd3JdarVWo9EcSD3d6Wc76pXOZ2ZzlFlcLnku3It9ZlNsIrJQ1G3vJ-7Al1udb8qbKifrKBq-9jRFOEWukRxfhyMeRxk_gP_t2FuImfyoZQqrQL2IzM0DDC7pXhS765it1OtksxvpK-Q63XhaT0Y12854dE1zq7g=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjcfXqNODfdP29s6Ta9p_qg0wpdihJd3JdarVWo9EcSD3d6Wc76pXOZ2ZzlFlcLnku3It9ZlNsIrJQ1G3vJ-7Al1udb8qbKifrKBq-9jRFOEWukRxfhyMeRxk_gP_t2FuImfyoZQqrQL2IzM0DDC7pXhS765it1OtksxvpK-Q63XhaT0Y12854dE1zq7g=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjBu9DKbr8hDO5SZLqqex5MIx8s22s_Md_tflGJY0hgl4UoxVWHWJnhqLjo9F6LzjbYRwXiKLuaVot58doGeub1O7v5y85kyLzXNu1qphuR7MgF0bKhlNhoH4IMSxw-jrBSF3UZWqoauBVdixFVX09AXhWV4EYxpN2DXdLmm8Kpr-BvglAY0Vk9uutszQ=s4032"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjBu9DKbr8hDO5SZLqqex5MIx8s22s_Md_tflGJY0hgl4UoxVWHWJnhqLjo9F6LzjbYRwXiKLuaVot58doGeub1O7v5y85kyLzXNu1qphuR7MgF0bKhlNhoH4IMSxw-jrBSF3UZWqoauBVdixFVX09AXhWV4EYxpN2DXdLmm8Kpr-BvglAY0Vk9uutszQ=w400-h300" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div>The K14 has a blocky plastic body with a flip up flash. The top of the camera has just the shutter button. The front of the camera has two "eyes" for the infra-red auto focus system, the switch and warning light for the self timer, a flash control switch and a door that flips up to uncover the lens and viewfinder. Opening the door turns on the camera. The electronic flash is attached to the door and is raised about 3 inches above the lens when the door is open. The extra distance helps to reduce red eye. The back of the camera has the film data window, the date back, a green LED that flashes when the film advances, and the exposure counter. The bottom has the door for the battery compartment, the rewind switch, and a tripod socket. The camera strap clips onto the left side. The latch for the camera back is between the strap lugs.<br /><br />The lens is a four element, f/2.8 35 mm Kodak Ektar lens. One of the lens elements is an aspherical lens made by Eastman in Rochester, NY. Close focus is 3 feet. An icon in the viewfinder glows red when the camera is in focus or flashes when the subject is too close. The viewfinder shows a head and shoulders icon for closeups, two persons for groups and mountains for scenes.<br /><br />The shutter is electronically timed from 1/8 to 1/500 second. Holding the shutter button half way locks the focus. Holding the shutter button all the way in will take pictures continuously at the rate of one picture every two seconds. Exposure is programmed auto exposure. There isn't any exposure compensation setting. Film speed is set to 100, 200, 400 or 1000 by the DX code on the film cassette and defaults to 100 if the cassette isn't DX coded. The flash fires automatically in low light, although it can be switched off, and can be switched on for fill flash in daylight. This is a camera in the tradition of the first Kodak, "You press the button and we do the rest."<br /><br />The camera takes a now-discontinued size 323L, 9V lithium battery. In a pinch, the battery compartment has extra contacts for a 9V transistor radio battery and a sticker to show the right way to it put in, but the transistor radio battery will run down fairly quickly. The date back takes a 3V lithium battery. The date back battery door is difficult to open and you frequently see cameras with broken door latches. The date back has three modes: month/day/year, time of day, and off. The year setting only goes from '85 to '09, which isn't much use for the year 2021. Did the camera come out a year late in 1986? Who knows.<br /><br />The VR in the name comes from the VR technology used in Kodak color negative film, which improved sharpness and resolution. Kodak used the Medalist name for several different products, including a medium format camera and a disc format camera.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0